Twin Cities campus

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Twin Cities Campus

Epidemiology Ph.D.

School of Public Health - Adm
School of Public Health
Link to a list of faculty for this program.
Contact Information
School of Public Health, MMC 819, A395 Mayo Memorial Building, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (612-626-3500 OR 1-800-774-8636)
Email: sph-ask@umn.edu
Website: http://www.sph.umn.edu
  • Program Type: Doctorate
  • Requirements for this program are current for Fall 2024
  • Length of program in credits: 53 to 65
  • This program does not require summer semesters for timely completion.
  • Degree: Doctor of Philosophy
Along with the program-specific requirements listed below, please read the General Information section of this website for requirements that apply to all major fields.
The Epidemiology PhD program trains students to examine public health trends, design and implement studies, interpret research results for policy and program development, and analyze significant public health problems. The School of Public Health is accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH).
Accreditation
This program is accredited by Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH)
Program Delivery
  • via classroom (the majority of instruction is face-to-face)
Prerequisites for Admission
The preferred undergraduate GPA for admittance to the program is 3.00.
Applicants must be in process, or have completed, a master's degree in a related field.
Special Application Requirements:
Strong quantitative aptitude, along with satisfactory grades in college-level quantitative courses. At least three recommendations (form and separate letter) from faculty and/or work supervisors with knowledge of the applicant's scholastic and professional capabilities and potential; statement of goals and objectives (letter of intent) for seeking a career in epidemiology. In addition, applicants must submit a separate essay (statement of research interests) beyond what is required for the SOPHAS application process that provides evidence of their potential to conduct original research in a specific epidemiologic area and, if possible, indicates an interest in particular methodologies or study designs. Serious applicants are encouraged to contact the program coordinator at epichstu@umn.edu before applying. Students begin their studies in the fall semester. Applications must be completed by December 1 of the year prior to beginning the doctoral program.
International applicants must submit score(s) from one of the following tests:
  • TOEFL
    • Internet Based - Total Score: 100
    • Paper Based - Total Score: 600
  • IELTS
    • Total Score: 7.0
  • MELAB
    • Final score: 80
Key to test abbreviations (TOEFL, IELTS, MELAB).
For an online application or for more information about graduate education admissions, see the General Information section of this website.
Program Requirements
29 to 41 credits are required in the major.
24 thesis credits are required.
This program may be completed with a minor.
Use of 4xxx courses towards program requirements is not permitted.
A minimum GPA of 3.25 is required for students to remain in good standing.
At least 2 semesters must be completed before filing a Degree Program Form.
Courses offered on both the A-F and S/N grading basis must be taken A-F, with a minimum grade of B- earned for each course. All Epidemiology PhD students must attend 12 seminars, must TA a course (with the exception of the MD/PhD joint degree students) and must give a 50 minute lecture in an epidemiology course.
Foundations Coursework (2 credits)
PUBH 6250 - Foundations of Public Health (2.0 cr)
Core Coursework (13 credits)
Take the following courses:
PUBH 6348 - Writing Research Grants (2.0 cr)
PUBH 7401 - Fundamentals of Biostatistical Inference (4.0 cr)
PUBH 8341 - Advanced Epidemiologic Methods: Concepts (3.0 cr)
PUBH 8342 - Advanced Epidemiologic Methods: Applications (3.0 cr)
PUBH 8345 - How To Be An Anti-Racist Epidemiologist (1.0 cr)
Teaching Course (1-3 credits)
Select one of the following, in consultation with the advisor. Students choosing GRAD 8200 must complete it with the following topic, 'Teaching & Learning: An Online Course'.
GRAD 8101 - Teaching in Higher Education (3.0 cr)
or GRAD 8200 - Teaching and Learning Topics in Higher Education (1.0 cr)
Content Areas (2-4 credits)
MD/PhD students pursuing a Clinical/Biological content area must complete two credits from the list of options. MD/PhD students pursuing a Social/Behavioral content area must complete the four credits listed. All other students should take four credits from either the Clinical/Biological content area or four credits from the Social/Behavioral content area.
Clinical/Biological Content Area (2-4 credits)
Take 4 or more credit(s) from the following:
· PUBH 6140 - Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology (2.0 cr)
· PUBH 6381 - Genetics in Public Health in the Age of Precision Medicine (2.0 cr)
· PUBH 6385 - Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases (2.0 cr)
· PUBH 6386 - Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention (2.0 cr)
· PUBH 6387 - Cancer Epidemiology (2.0 cr)
· PUBH 6389 - Nutritional Epidemiology (2.0 cr)
or Social/Behavioral Content Area (4 credits)
PUBH 6333 - Principles of Human Behavior I (2.0 cr)
PUBH 6334 - Human Behavior II (2.0 cr)
Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (6 credits)
Clinical Trials (3 credits)
PUBH 7420 - Clinical Trials: Design, Implementation, and Analysis (3.0 cr)
Additional Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (3 credits)
Take 3 or more credit(s) from the following:
· PUBH 6915 - Nutrition Assessment (2.0 cr)
· PUBH 7402 - Biostatistics Modeling and Methods (4.0 cr)
· PUBH 7405 - Biostatistical Inference I (4.0 cr)
· PUBH 7406 - Biostatistical Inference II (3.0 cr)
· PUBH 7430 - Statistical Methods for Correlated Data (3.0 cr)
· PUBH 7445 - Statistics for Human Genetics and Molecular Biology (3.0 cr)
· PUBH 8141 - Doctoral Seminar in Observational Inference (2.0 cr)
· PUBH 8343 - Synthesis and Application of Methods in Epidemiologic Research (3.0 cr)
· PUBH 8344 - Advanced Epidemiologic Methods Workshop (1.0 cr)
· PUBH 8804 - Advanced Quantitative Methods Seminar (3.0 cr)
Electives (3-13 credits)
In consultation with their advisors, students pursuing the joint MD/PhD degree with a Clinical/Biological content select at least five elective credits, while students pursuing an MD/PhD with a Social/Behavioral content area select at least three elective credits. All other students complete at least 13 elective credits.
PUBH 6355 - Pathophysiology of Human Disease (4.0 cr)
PUBH 7391 - Independent Study: Epidemiology (1.0-4.0 cr)
PUBH 7392 - Readings in Epidemiology (1.0-4.0 cr)
PUBH 7405 - Biostatistical Inference I (4.0 cr)
PUBH 7406 - Biostatistical Inference II (3.0 cr)
PUBH 7430 - Statistical Methods for Correlated Data (3.0 cr)
PUBH 7445 - Statistics for Human Genetics and Molecular Biology (3.0 cr)
PUBH 7450 - Survival Analysis (3.0 cr)
PUBH 8343 - Synthesis and Application of Methods in Epidemiologic Research (3.0 cr)
PUBH 8344 - Advanced Epidemiologic Methods Workshop (1.0 cr)
VMED 5180 - Ecology of Infectious Disease (3.0 cr)
VMED 8090 - Epidemiology of Zoonoses and Diseases Common to Animals and Humans (3.0 cr)
Thesis Credits
Take at least 24 doctoral thesis credits.
PUBH 8888 - Thesis Credit: Doctoral (1.0-24.0 cr)
Joint- or Dual-degree Coursework:
MD/PhD-Epidemiology
 
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PUBH 6250 - Foundations of Public Health
Credits: 2.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F only
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
In this course we will examine values, contexts, principles, and frameworks of public health. We will provide an introduction to public health, consider the history of public health, social/political determinants, impact of health disparities on race, class and gender, moral and legal foundations, public health structures, historical trauma and cultural competence, health and human rights, advocacy and health equity, communication and financing, and the future of public health in the 21st century. Grounded in theory and concepts, we will incorporate core competencies and skills for public health professionals and will focus on developing problem solving and decision-making skills through critical analysis, reflection, case studies, readings, and paper assignments.
PUBH 6348 - Writing Research Grants
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Focuses on NIH research grants. Mechanisms of grant writing: specific aims, hypotheses, innovation, background, approaches, evaluation analyses, principles of informed consent, budget development, and grant-review process.
PUBH 7401 - Fundamentals of Biostatistical Inference
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
Part of two-course sequence intended for PhD students in School of Public Health who need rigorous approach to probability/statistics/statistical inference with applications to research in public health. prereq: Background in calculus; intended for PhD students in public hlth and other hlth sci who need rigorous approach to probability/statistics and statistical inference with applications to research in public hlth
PUBH 8341 - Advanced Epidemiologic Methods: Concepts
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
Conceptual foundations of fundamental issues in epidemiologic methodology. How/why a given method, design, or approach might help explain population health. Strengths, limits, and potential alternatives for a given approach.
PUBH 8342 - Advanced Epidemiologic Methods: Applications
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
Applied methodology course designed for students in the Epi PhD program. Examples and readings are aimed at clinical/biological and social/behavioral track students.
PUBH 8345 - How To Be An Anti-Racist Epidemiologist
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
The course is designed to educate epidemiologists about the history of scientific racism in the US and to train them to identify and disrupt the racist narratives that are widespread in health sciences research. The goal is to create a generation of epidemiologists equipped to conduct scientific research that ethically engages with issues of race and racial hierarchies. We focus most closely on anti-Black and anti-Indigenous racism, which are the expressions of White supremacy with the deepest roots in the US. However, the theories and approaches discussed will be applicable to understanding harmful racialized narratives used against other marginalized population groups.
GRAD 8101 - Teaching in Higher Education
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: OPT No Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Teaching methods/techniques. Active learning, critical thinking, practice teaching, and preparing a portfolio to document/reflect upon teaching. Readings, discussion, peer teaching, e-mail dialog, reflective writing, co-facilitation of course. prereq: Non-Degree Students: contact pffcollege consentumn.edu with questions about registration. If adding a section after first class meeting, contact your instructor as soon as you enroll.
GRAD 8200 - Teaching and Learning Topics in Higher Education
Credits: 1.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F only
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Create course materials for context/discipline. Assess student learning. Write action plan. Topics may include active learning in sciences, teaching with technology, multicultural education, teaching in clinical settings, learning-community course design.
PUBH 6140 - Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
Principles/concepts in identifying health effects in workplace. Strategies for identifying excess risk, evaluating strengths/weaknesses of research techniques, assessing bias/confounding. prereq: Coursework in epidemiology, biostatistics
PUBH 6381 - Genetics in Public Health in the Age of Precision Medicine
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
Our understanding of human genomic variation and its relationship to health is expanding rapidly. This knowledge is now being translated primarily through the field of ?precision medicine? (finding the right drug for the right person at the right time). Public health, in contrast, seeks to abate the social and environmental factors that lead to disease and health disparities. This course will provide an introduction to the field of public health genomics at this interesting point in its history. Approximately one-half of the course is devoted to Genetic Epidemiology, or the science of detecting genetic risk factors for human disease. The other half of the course will cover public health genomics, including ?precision public health?, genetic screening programs, and the possibilities and pitfalls of direct to consumer marketing of genetic tests. How genomics relates to health equity will be a recurring theme of this course. This is a graduate course designed primarily for Epidemiology MPH and PhD students, and fulfills the ?Epi Of? requirement for the MPH in Epidemiology. Graduate students from other programs are very welcome.
PUBH 6385 - Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
Principles and/ methods. Strategies for disease control and prevention, including immunization. Relevance of modes of transmission of specific agents for disease spread and prevention. Public health consequences of infectious diseases at local, national, and international levels.
PUBH 6386 - Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
The course will provide an introduction to cardiovascular disease (CVD) epidemiology. It is intended to provide a detailed perspective on the well-established risk factors for CVD, as well as an introduction to emerging risk factors. Both observational studies and clinical trials will be discussed. The class will include a main focus on prevention of cardiovascular disease, and national recommendations for treatment and prevention. Several classes will incorporate discussions of new directions and current controversies in CVD. Additionally, the class will introduce students to the CVD research in the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health.
PUBH 6387 - Cancer Epidemiology
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Typically offered: Fall Odd Year
Epidemiologic aspects of cancer. Theories of carcinogenesis, patterns of incidence and mortality, site-specific risk factors. Issues of cancer control and prevention.
PUBH 6389 - Nutritional Epidemiology
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Typically offered: Fall Even Year
Nutrition/disease relationships through application of epidemiologic methods. Characterization of various exposures to food/nutrient intakes, biological basis for nutrition/disease relationships. Studies of specific chronic diseases and nutritional intake. Design/interpretation of studies using nutritional measures. prereq: [[6320 or 6330 or 6341], [Epidemiology MPH or Public Health Nutrition MPH or Epidemiology PhD student]] or instr consent
PUBH 6333 - Principles of Human Behavior I
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Fall Even Year
Theoretical perspective on etiology/modification of health behavior in individuals/communities. prereq: Epi PhD student or instr consent
PUBH 6334 - Human Behavior II
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Spring Odd Year
Critical evaluation of major behavioral public health intervention research. Experience in research designs/methods in health behavior intervention. prereq: [6333, Epidemiology grad student in behavioral track] or instr consent
PUBH 7420 - Clinical Trials: Design, Implementation, and Analysis
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
Introduction to and methodology of randomized clinical trials. Design issues, sample size, operational details, interim monitoring, data analysis issues, overviews. prereq: 6451 or concurrent registration is required (or allowed) in 6451 or 7406 or instr consent
PUBH 6915 - Nutrition Assessment
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Prerequisites: Public health nutrition major or #
Typically offered: Every Fall
Common nutritional assessment using dietary, biochemical, and anthropometric approaches. Applications of methods, interpretation of results. Hands-on experience, training in common anthropometric methods. prereq: Public health nutrition major or instr consent
PUBH 7402 - Biostatistics Modeling and Methods
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
Second of two-course sequence. Rigorous approach to probability/statistics, statistical inference. Applications to research in public health. prereq: 7401; intended for PhD students in health sciences
PUBH 7405 - Biostatistical Inference I
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
T-tests, confidence intervals, power, type I/II errors. Exploratory data analysis. Simple linear regression, regression in matrix notation, multiple regression, diagnostics. Ordinary least squares, violations, generalized least squares, nonlinear least squares regression. Introduction to General linear Model. SAS and S-Plus used. prereq: [[Stat 5101 or concurrent registration is required (or allowed) in Stat 5101], biostatistics major] or instr consent
PUBH 7406 - Biostatistical Inference II
Credits: 3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
This course introduces students to a variety of concepts, tools, and techniques that are relevant to the rigorous design and analysis of complex biomedical studies. Topics include ANOVA, sample-size calculations, multiple testing, missing data, prediction, diagnostic testing, smoothing, variable selection, the bootstrap, and nonparametric tests. R software will be used. Biostatistics students are strongly encouraged to typeset their work using LaTeX or in R markdown. prereq: [7405, [STAT 5102 or concurrent registration is required (or allowed) in STAT 5102], biostatistics major] or instr consent
PUBH 7430 - Statistical Methods for Correlated Data
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
Correlated data arise in many situations, particularly when observations are made over time and space or on individuals who share certain underlying characteristics. This course covers techniques for exploring and describing correlated data, along with statistical methods for estimating population parameters (mostly means) from these data. The focus will be primarily on generalized linear models (both with and without random effects) for normally and non-normally distributed data. Wherever possible, techniques will be illustrated using real-world examples. Computing will be done using R and SAS. prereq: Regression at the level of PubH 6451 or PubH 7405 or Stat 5302. Familiarity with basic matrix notation and operations (multiplication, inverse, transpose). Working knowledge of SAS or R (PubH 6420).
PUBH 7445 - Statistics for Human Genetics and Molecular Biology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
Introduction to statistical problems arising in molecular biology. Problems in physical mapping (radiation hybrid mapping, DDP), genetic mapping (pedigree analysis, lod scores, TDT), biopolymer sequence analysis (alignment, motif recognition), and micro array analysis. prereq: [6450, [6451 or equiv]] or instr consent; background in molecular biology recommended
PUBH 8141 - Doctoral Seminar in Observational Inference
Credits: 2.0 [max 20.0]
Grading Basis: S-N or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Fundamentals of epidemiologic inference. Methods for designing, analyzing, and interpreting epidemiologic studies.
PUBH 8343 - Synthesis and Application of Methods in Epidemiologic Research
Credits: 3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
Focuses on the extension, synthesis, and integration of research methods taught in the advanced epidemiology methods sequence (PubH 8341 and PubH 8342) and the application of these methods. Discussion of novel methods such as causal inferences related to the g-formula and penalized regression. Fosters a deeper understanding of current epidemiologic methods and how they are actually implemented in research.
PUBH 8344 - Advanced Epidemiologic Methods Workshop
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
This lab course accompanies PubH 8341 - Advanced Epidemiologic Methods. The focus of this course is to gain practical experience with implementing the methods that are taught in PubH 8341. Methods that are explained in PubH 8341 will be implemented in this lab course. Students will be instructed in practical aspects of methodological implementation. Examples and readings are aimed at both clinical/biologic and social/behavioral track students.
PUBH 8804 - Advanced Quantitative Methods Seminar
Credits: 3.0 [max 6.0]
Typically offered: Spring Even Year
Understand/competently use advanced quantitative methods in applied social science, policy, demographic research. Methods considered largely within or related to framework of regression analysis. Effort will be made to reflect interests of class. prereq: This is an advanced, doctoral-level course. Students are expected to have completed a full year of doctoral-level introductory statistical and/or econometric classes in their respective field prior to enrolling in this course (e.g., PubH 7401-2, ApEc8211-2, SOC 8801-8811). Exceptions may be granted with instr consent.
PUBH 6355 - Pathophysiology of Human Disease
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
Compendium of human diseases relevant to public health professionals. Focuses on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and infectious disease. Presented from epidemiologic perspective. Significance of diseases in terms of prevalence, incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Risk factors, prevention strategies. prereq: Epidemiology major or public health nutrition major or Environmental Health major or instr consent
PUBH 7391 - Independent Study: Epidemiology
Credits: 1.0 -4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Independent study supervised by epidemiology faculty member. prereq: [EPI major or grad student], instr consent
PUBH 7392 - Readings in Epidemiology
Credits: 1.0 -4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Current readings in epidemiology. prereq: Epidemiology major, instr consent
PUBH 7405 - Biostatistical Inference I
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
T-tests, confidence intervals, power, type I/II errors. Exploratory data analysis. Simple linear regression, regression in matrix notation, multiple regression, diagnostics. Ordinary least squares, violations, generalized least squares, nonlinear least squares regression. Introduction to General linear Model. SAS and S-Plus used. prereq: [[Stat 5101 or concurrent registration is required (or allowed) in Stat 5101], biostatistics major] or instr consent
PUBH 7406 - Biostatistical Inference II
Credits: 3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
This course introduces students to a variety of concepts, tools, and techniques that are relevant to the rigorous design and analysis of complex biomedical studies. Topics include ANOVA, sample-size calculations, multiple testing, missing data, prediction, diagnostic testing, smoothing, variable selection, the bootstrap, and nonparametric tests. R software will be used. Biostatistics students are strongly encouraged to typeset their work using LaTeX or in R markdown. prereq: [7405, [STAT 5102 or concurrent registration is required (or allowed) in STAT 5102], biostatistics major] or instr consent
PUBH 7430 - Statistical Methods for Correlated Data
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
Correlated data arise in many situations, particularly when observations are made over time and space or on individuals who share certain underlying characteristics. This course covers techniques for exploring and describing correlated data, along with statistical methods for estimating population parameters (mostly means) from these data. The focus will be primarily on generalized linear models (both with and without random effects) for normally and non-normally distributed data. Wherever possible, techniques will be illustrated using real-world examples. Computing will be done using R and SAS. prereq: Regression at the level of PubH 6451 or PubH 7405 or Stat 5302. Familiarity with basic matrix notation and operations (multiplication, inverse, transpose). Working knowledge of SAS or R (PubH 6420).
PUBH 7445 - Statistics for Human Genetics and Molecular Biology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
Introduction to statistical problems arising in molecular biology. Problems in physical mapping (radiation hybrid mapping, DDP), genetic mapping (pedigree analysis, lod scores, TDT), biopolymer sequence analysis (alignment, motif recognition), and micro array analysis. prereq: [6450, [6451 or equiv]] or instr consent; background in molecular biology recommended
PUBH 7450 - Survival Analysis
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
Statistical methodologies in analysis of survival data. Kaplan-Meier estimator, Cox's proportional hazards multiple regression model, time-dependent covariates, analysis of residuals, multiple failure outcomes. Typical biomedical applications, including clinical trials and person-years data. prereq: 7405, [STAT 5101 or STAT 8101]
PUBH 8343 - Synthesis and Application of Methods in Epidemiologic Research
Credits: 3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
Focuses on the extension, synthesis, and integration of research methods taught in the advanced epidemiology methods sequence (PubH 8341 and PubH 8342) and the application of these methods. Discussion of novel methods such as causal inferences related to the g-formula and penalized regression. Fosters a deeper understanding of current epidemiologic methods and how they are actually implemented in research.
PUBH 8344 - Advanced Epidemiologic Methods Workshop
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
This lab course accompanies PubH 8341 - Advanced Epidemiologic Methods. The focus of this course is to gain practical experience with implementing the methods that are taught in PubH 8341. Methods that are explained in PubH 8341 will be implemented in this lab course. Students will be instructed in practical aspects of methodological implementation. Examples and readings are aimed at both clinical/biologic and social/behavioral track students.
VMED 5180 - Ecology of Infectious Disease
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies: CMB 5180/PubH 6180/PubH 6380
Typically offered: Every Fall
How host, agent, environmental interactions influence transmission of infectious agents. Environmental dissemination, eradication/control, evolution of virulence. Use of analytical/molecular tools.
VMED 8090 - Epidemiology of Zoonoses and Diseases Common to Animals and Humans
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Major human zoonotic diseases, methods of transmission, diagnosis, control, and prevention. prereq: Epidemiology and infectious disease course or instr consent
PUBH 8888 - Thesis Credit: Doctoral
Credits: 1.0 -24.0 [max 100.0]
Grading Basis: No Grade
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
(No description) prereq: Max 18 cr per semester or summer; 24 cr required; For Environmental Health Students ONLY: Contact Director of Graduate Studies and the Graduate Student Coordinator.