Morris campus

This is archival data. This system was retired as of August 21, 2023 and the information on this page has not been updated since then. For current information, visit catalogs.umn.edu.

 
Morris Campus

Psychology Minor

Division of Social Sciences - Adm
Division of Social Sciences
  • Program Type: Undergraduate minor related to major
  • Requirements for this program are current for Fall 2019
  • Required credits in this minor: 30
The psychology curriculum focuses on understanding scientific methods and applying them to both human and non-human behaviors and mental processes. It provides students with methodological skills, practice in applying these skills, and an introduction to core areas of psychology. The major provides a comprehensive selection of courses that fully prepare students for a wide range of careers and graduate and professional studies. The psychology curriculum is designed to ensure that students achieve the following goals: Goal 1: Knowledge base in psychology 1.1 Understand the spectrum of psychological phenomena related to behavior and mental processes and how the environment (ranging from biological to sociocultural influences) affect both. 1.2 Obtain a knowledge of psychology's main content domains and applications. Goal 2: Scientific inquiry and critical thinking 2.1 Ability to use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena. 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 2.3 Engage in innovative and integrative thinking and problem solving. 2.4 Gain exposure to interpreting, designing, and conducting psychological research. 2.5 Attain awareness of ethical issues in psychology. Goal 3: Communication 3.1 Demonstrate effective writing. 3.2 Exhibit effective presentation skills. 3.3 Exhibit effective discussion skills. Goal 4: Information and technological literacy 4.1 Exposure to psychological statistical packages. 4.2 Ability to utilize databases related to psychology.
Program Delivery
This program is available:
  • via classroom (the majority of instruction is face-to-face)
Minor Requirements
No grades below C- are allowed. Courses may not be taken S-N, unless offered S-N only. A minimum GPA of 2.00 is required in the minor to graduate. The GPA includes all, and only, University of Minnesota coursework. Grades of "F" are included in GPA calculation until they are replaced.
Required Courses
PSY 1051 - Introduction to Psychology [SS] (4.0 cr)
PSY 2001 - Research Methods in Psychology [SS] (4.0 cr)
STAT 1601 - Introduction to Statistics [M/SR] (4.0 cr)
or STAT 2601 - Statistical Methods [M/SR] (4.0 cr)
Take at least one course from four of the five following areas. One must be a designated lab course. Lab courses include: Psy 3101, 3111, 3112, 3201, 3211, 3504, 3521.
Learning and Cognition
Take 0 - 1 course(s) from the following:
· PSY 3101 - Learning Theory and Behavior Modification (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3111 - Sensation and Perception (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3112 - Cognition (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3504 - Educational Psychology (4.0 cr)
Biological and Comparative Psychology
Take 0 - 1 course(s) from the following:
· PSY 3201 - Comparative Psychology [SCI-L] (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3211 - Biological Psychology [SCI-L] (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3521 - Health Psychology (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3581 - Psychopharmacology (2.0 cr)
Personality and Clinical Psychology
Take 0 - 1 course(s) from the following:
· PSY 3302 - Personality (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3313 - Psychopathology (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3314 - Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (4.0 cr)
· PSY 4101 - Helping Relationships (4.0 cr)
· PSY 4301 - Clinical Assessment and Therapeutic Interventions (4.0 cr)
Developmental Psychology
Take 0 - 1 course(s) from the following:
· PSY 2411 - Lifespan Developmental Psychology [SS] (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3051 - The Psychology of Women and Gender [HDIV] (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3401 - Child Development (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3402 - Adolescent and Emerging Adult Development (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3403 - Adult Development and Aging [E/CR] (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3404 {Inactive} [HDIV] (4.0 cr)
Social and Applied Psychology
Take 0 - 1 course(s) from the following:
· PSY 3501 - Social Psychology (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3503 - Consumer Behavior [SS] (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3513 - Negotiation (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3542 - Multicultural Psychology [HDIV] (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3701 - Organizational Behavior [SS] (4.0 cr)
Elective Courses
Additional elective credits to total at least 30 credits in the minor (including required courses). No more than 4 credits of either IS 3796 or Psy 4896 may be applied to the minor. Electives may be selected from any category above and the following:
Take 1 or more course(s) from the following:
· IS 3796 - Interdisciplinary Internship in the Helping Professions (1.0-16.0 cr)
· IS 3800 - Practicum in Social Sciences (1.0-2.0 cr)
· POL 3263 - Political Psychology [SS] (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3405 - Family Interaction Dynamics [SS] (4.0 cr)
· PSY 2581 - Drugs and Human Behavior [SS] (2.0 cr)
· PSY 2993 - Directed Study (1.0-5.0 cr)
· PSY 3121 {Inactive} (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3611 - History and Philosophy of Psychology [HIST] (4.0 cr)
· PSY 3800 - Research Practicum (1.0-12.0 cr)
· PSY 3993 - Directed Study (1.0-5.0 cr)
· PSY 4102 - Intro to Prof Conduct, Legal Constraints, Ethics in Human Services [E/CR] (2.0 cr)
· PSY 4770 - Empirical Investigations in Psychology I (2.0 cr)
· PSY 4771 - Independent Research in Psychology (1.0-6.0 cr)
· PSY 4772 - Empirical Investigations in Psychology II (2.0 cr)
· PSY 4896 - Field Experiences in Mental Health (1.0-4.0 cr)
· PSY 4993 - Directed Study (1.0-5.0 cr)
· STAT 3601 - Data Analysis [M/SR] (4.0 cr)
· STAT 3611 - Multivariate Statistical Analysis [M/SR] (4.0 cr)
 
More program views..
View college catalog(s):
· Division of Social Sciences

View future requirement(s):
· Fall 2023
· Fall 2021
· Summer 2020

View sample plan(s):
· Psychology Minor sample plan

View checkpoint chart:
· Psychology Minor
View PDF Version:
Search.
Search Programs

Search University Catalogs
Related links.

Division of Social Sciences

Morris Admissions

Morris Application

One Stop
for tuition, course registration, financial aid, academic calendars, and more
 
PSY 1051 - Introduction to Psychology (SS)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
An introduction to the science of mind and behavior. Topics include history of psychology, research methods, biological bases for behavior, life span development, sensation and perception, learning, cognitive and social processes, personality, psychopathology, and applications of psychology.
PSY 2001 - Research Methods in Psychology (SS)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Design, analysis, and interpretation of research in psychology. Instruction on different research techniques and ethics in research. Students conduct, analyze, and evaluate empirical research and gain experience preparing APA-style research reports. Includes laboratory/discussion sessions. prereq: 1051, Stat 1601 or Stat 2601, or instr consent
STAT 1601 - Introduction to Statistics (M/SR)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Scope, nature, tools, language, and interpretation of elementary statistics. Descriptive statistics; graphical and numerical representation of information; measures of location, dispersion, position, and dependence; exploratory data analysis. Elementary probability theory, discrete and continuous probability models. Inferential statistics, point and interval estimation, tests of statistical hypotheses. Inferences involving one and two populations, ANOVA, regression analysis, and chi-squared tests; use of statistical computer packages. prereq: high school higher algebra
STAT 2601 - Statistical Methods (M/SR)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
Descriptive statistics, elementary probability theory; laws of probability, random variables, discrete and continuous probability models, functions of random variables, mathematical expectation. Statistical inference; point estimation, interval estimation, tests of hypotheses. Other statistical methods; linear regression and correlation, ANOVA, nonparametric statistics, statistical quality control, use of statistical computer packages. prereq: Math 1101 or Math 1021
PSY 3101 - Learning Theory and Behavior Modification
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Prerequisites: 2001 or #
Typically offered: Every Fall
Major theories of learning and their importance for understanding human and nonhuman behavior. Classical and operant conditioning, generalization, discrimination, stimulus control, animal cognition. Behavior modification theories and techniques and their application to clinical populations. Lab projects demonstrate learning and behavior modification theories, concepts, and techniques and illustrate research methods and theory testing. Includes lab. prereq: 2001 or instr consent
PSY 3111 - Sensation and Perception
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Prerequisites: 2001 or #
Typically offered: Every Fall
Empirical study of sensory processes and perceptual organization with emphasis on vision and audition. Anatomy and physiology of sense organs, psychophysics, signal detection theory, attention, speech perception, and perceptual-motor coordination. Includes lab. prereq: 2001 or instr consent
PSY 3112 - Cognition
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Prerequisites: 2001 or #
Typically offered: Every Spring
Empirical study of memory, language behaviors, representation of knowledge, judgment, decision making, problem solving, and creative thinking. Includes lab. prereq: 2001 or instr consent
PSY 3504 - Educational Psychology
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
Discussion of psychological principles/theories in relation to learning in academic settings. Topics may include: a consideration of developmental and social issues that are likely to impact the learner; a discussion of individual differences in learning; an examination of different theoretical approaches to learning applied specifically to educational settings; an analysis of factors related to student motivation and behavior; and a discussion of issues related to testing and measurement in academic settings. prereq: 1051
PSY 3201 - Comparative Psychology (SCI-L)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
Comparison of the causations of human and non-human animal behavior from both an evolutionary and biological point of view. The contributions of evolutionary selection pressures, genetics, environment, learning, and culture on the expression of behavior in a wide variety of species, through topics such as adaptation, fitness, altruism, social behavior, parental care, reproductive behavior, mating systems, and aggression. Focus on explaining modern human behavior as informed by non-human behavior. Includes lab component. prereq: [1051, 2001] or Biol 2111
PSY 3211 - Biological Psychology (SCI-L)
Credits: 4.0 [max 5.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
Brain organization and function; an emphasis on an understanding of the neural processes that underlie human and nonhuman behavior. Incorporates information from psychology, neuroscience, endocrinology, physiology, chemistry, neurology, and zoology to investigate the physiological bases of behavior. Topics include sensory processes, drugs and addiction, biological rhythms, sexual differentiation, reproduction, methods in neuroscience, neuropsychological disorders, and clinical assessment. Lab projects focus on neuro-anatomical organization and function of the brain. prereq: 1051 or Biol 1111, Stat 1601 or Stat 2601
PSY 3521 - Health Psychology
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
Health implications of interactions among behavioral, environmental, and physiological states. Physiological bases of behavior and health; stress and coping; behavioral antecedents of disease; psychoneuro-immunology; disease prevention and health promotion. [Note: includes lab component] prereq: 1051, Stat 1601 or Stat 2601
PSY 3581 - Psychopharmacology
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
Biological and behavioral aspects of drug use, abuse, and addiction. Includes focus on therapeutic drugs used to treat psychiatric conditions as well as drugs of abuse. prereq: C- or better in 2581
PSY 3302 - Personality
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Prerequisites: 1051 or #
Typically offered: Every Spring
Nature of personality constructs and theories. Conscious vs. nonconscious processes; emotion and motivation; nature and measurement of personal traits; their dimensional structure, stability, development, and heritability. prereq: 1051 or instr consent
PSY 3313 - Psychopathology
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Prerequisites: 1051 or #
Typically offered: Every Spring
Psychological disorders and their treatment, including anxiety, personality, mood, schizophrenia, eating, substance and other recognized disorders of adults. prereq: 1051 or instr consent
PSY 3314 - Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F only
Typically offered: Every Fall
Broad overview of child and adolescent psychopathology--initially focusing on understanding basic concepts, historical context, developmental influences, theoretical perspectives, research methodology, and issues related to classification and assessment--followed by comprehensive information concerning the major childhood disorders (e.g., ADHD, depression, anxiety, pervasive developmental disorders). prereq: 1051 or instr consent
PSY 4101 - Helping Relationships
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Periodic Fall
Theories of counseling and helping relationships with individuals & groups with psychological/stress disorders (e.g., Substance, Anxiety, Adjustment). Acquisition of helping skills (e.g. client psychoeducation, attending behavior, reflecting skills) and evaluative skills (e.g. orientation, termination). Didactic instruction/practical experiences. prereq: 8 cr 3xxx or 4xxx Psy or Soc or Anth courses or instr consent
PSY 4301 - Clinical Assessment and Therapeutic Interventions
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
Evaluation of screenings, intakes, psychological assessments and interventions from different perspectives. Topics: structured and unstructured assessments; motivational interviewing; treatment planning, crisis intervention, reports and record-keeping; family and couples therapy; interpersonal therapy; group therapy; and solution-focused therapy. prereq: 3313 or 4101
PSY 2411 - Lifespan Developmental Psychology (SS)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
An introduction to theory, data, and research approaches in development from the prenatal period through childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and aging until the cessation of life. Includes physical, perceptual, cognitive, language, moral, personality, socio-emotional, family, and career development and changes over time, as well as issues of death, dying, and bereavement. Includes a multicultural focus. prereq: 1051
PSY 3051 - The Psychology of Women and Gender (HDIV)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
Exploration of the interactive biological, psychological, and socio-cultural processes that shape the lives of women and the experience of gender. Topics include: the psychobiology of sex; the social construction of sex and gender; socialization and development; media representations; identity and sexuality; language and communication; motivation and personality; relationships; work and family lives; mental and physical health; mid- and later life development; victimization; therapy; intersections of race, class, and gender; and feminist approaches to teaching, learning, and knowing. prereq: 1051 or instr consent
PSY 3401 - Child Development
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
Theory, data, and research in development from conception to middle childhood. Prenatal and physical development as well as perceptual, cognitive, personality, and social development. Language acquisition and Piaget's theory of cognitive development. prereq: 1051 or instr consent
PSY 3402 - Adolescent and Emerging Adult Development
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
Theoretical perspectives and research on adolescence and emerging adulthood as distinct stages of the life cycle. Focuses on developmental issues central to the transition from childhood to adulthood, including: puberty and physical development, cognitive and socioemotional development, identity formation, dating and sexuality, family and peer relationships, school and work, culture and media, and the challenges faced by today's adolescents. prereq: 1051 or instr consent
PSY 3403 - Adult Development and Aging (E/CR)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
An introductory exploration of the health, individual, social, and cultural factors associated with adult development (e.g., young adulthood, middle age, and older adulthood). Provides an overview of current concepts, gerontological theories, and current methodology in the study of adult development and aging. Students become familiar with the physical aging process, society's perceptions of aging, aging family relationships, and end of life preparation and planning. prereq: 1051 or instr consent
PSY 3501 - Social Psychology
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
Theories and research in the study of interpersonal behavior. Topics include prejudice, altruism, persuasion, group dynamics, and social influence. prereq: 1051 or Soc 1101 or instr consent
PSY 3503 - Consumer Behavior (SS)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies: Psy 3503/Mgmt 3503
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
Same as Mgmt 3503. Psychological basis for understanding consumers. Some of the topics include consumer behavior, consumer cognitive processes, and consumer judgments and decisions. prereq: Stat 1601 or Stat 2601 or instr consent
PSY 3513 - Negotiation
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies: Mgmt 3513/Psy 3513
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
Same as Mgmt 3513. Examines the theoretical and applied aspects of negotiation. Topics include negotiation theory, strategy, skills and tactics, communication processes, global negotiation, and ethics. Use of negotiation simulations. prereq: 3501 or Mgmt 3221 or Psy/Mgmt 3701
PSY 3542 - Multicultural Psychology (HDIV)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies: Psy 3541/Psy 3542
Typically offered: Every Spring
Theoretical and methodological approaches to multicultural psychology. Multicultural psychology is the systematic study of behavior, cognition, and affect settings where people of different backgrounds interact. Exploration of these interactions both within and outside of the United States. Topics may include worldviews, communication styles, acculturation, prejudice, white privilege, identity development, physical and mental health, and multicultural competencies. prereq: 1051
PSY 3701 - Organizational Behavior (SS)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies: Mgmt 3701/Psy 3701
Typically offered: Periodic Fall
Same as Mgmt 3701. Uses the theories and research of the behavioral sciences to understand how organizations function at the individual, group, and organizational levels. Topics include stress in the workplace; group dynamics; power, leadership, and attribution theory. prereq: Stat 1601 or Stat 2601, jr or sr
IS 3796 - Interdisciplinary Internship in the Helping Professions
Credits: 1.0 -16.0 [max 32.0]
Grading Basis: S-N only
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
One-semester educational experience providing field applications in the helping professions (social work, counseling, casework, child protection services, educational settings, human resource counseling, and the like) for the student's theoretical classroom learning experiences. Prereq-Psy 4102, approved internship form; Psy 4101 recommended.
IS 3800 - Practicum in Social Sciences
Credits: 1.0 -2.0 [max 12.0]
Grading Basis: S-N only
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Supervised experience of selected learning activities such as discussion group leader, lab assistant, research assistant, or other teaching-related activities. [Note: no more than 4 credits may be applied to the bachelor of arts degree] prereq: approved practicum form
POL 3263 - Political Psychology (SS)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Prerequisites: 1201; Psy 1051 or # recommended
Typically offered: Spring Even Year
Examines the intersection of political science and psychology research, particularly on topics such as personality, emotions, and cognition. Explores the various roles of individuals and groups in political decision-making, emphasizing the connections between how we think and learn and how we structure society and make political choices. prereq: 1201; Psy 1051 or instr consent recommended
PSY 3405 - Family Interaction Dynamics (SS)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Periodic Fall
Family systems are known for their complexity. Focus is on the development of families, their interactive relationships, and the influence of external factors (e.g., stress, addiction) and individual decisions. Includes a general examination of various theories, contemporary research, and practical applications of family life development. Analyze research related to family interaction processes across the family life span with an emphasis on relationship dynamics and cultural differences. [Note: no credit for students who have received cr for Psy 2402] prereq: 1051 or Soc 1101
PSY 2581 - Drugs and Human Behavior (SS)
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Survey of psychoactive drugs, their effects on mind and behavior, and prevention and treatment of drug abuse. [Note: no credit for students who have received credit for Psy 1081]
PSY 2993 - Directed Study
Credits: 1.0 -5.0 [max 10.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
An on- or off-campus learning experience individually arranged between a student and a faculty member for academic credit in areas not covered in the regular curriculum.
PSY 3611 - History and Philosophy of Psychology (HIST)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Spring Odd Year
Historical roots and comparative features of major theoretical systems in psychology, including scientific methodology, research interests, and techniques. Movements within psychology that are discussed include: structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, Gestaltism, psychoanalytic, and existential movements and their modern syntheses, as well as other topics of interest to students. prereq: 1051 or instr consent
PSY 3800 - Research Practicum
Credits: 1.0 -12.0 [max 12.0]
Grading Basis: S-N only
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Research activity carried out under the supervision of a psychology faculty member.
PSY 3993 - Directed Study
Credits: 1.0 -5.0 [max 10.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
An on- or off-campus learning experience individually arranged between a student and a faculty member for academic credit in areas not covered in the regular curriculum.
PSY 4102 - Intro to Prof Conduct, Legal Constraints, Ethics in Human Services (E/CR)
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Concepts of professional ethics in human services professions (e.g. Psychologists, Alcohol and Drug Counselors, Probation Officers); ethically relevant legal mandates and constraints on professional practice (e.g. consultation with other professionals); practical problems in the application of ethical principles (e.g. dual relations). [Note: no credit for students who have received credit for IS 4101] prereq: jr, 8 cr 3xxx or 4xxx Psy or Soc or Anth courses or instr consent
PSY 4770 - Empirical Investigations in Psychology I
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F only
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
This class provides students with an opportunity to conduct their own research. Students work independently or in groups. Students review an area of psychology, generate a hypothesis, design a study and obtain IRB approval. prereq: 2001, instr consent; no credit for 4770 until 4772 is completed
PSY 4771 - Independent Research in Psychology
Credits: 1.0 -6.0 [max 12.0]
Prerequisites: 2001, #
Grading Basis: A-F only
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Supervised independent research by a student in any area of psychology. A research proposal may be required by a faculty member prior to approval to enroll in the course. The student is required to write an APA style research paper or give a public presentation. prereq: 2001, instr consent
PSY 4772 - Empirical Investigations in Psychology II
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F only
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
Based on previous work in 4770, students collect and analyze data, submit and present their research to the Undergraduate Research Symposium or other instructor approved venue, and write an APA style research paper. prereq: 4770, instr consent
PSY 4896 - Field Experiences in Mental Health
Credits: 1.0 -4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: S-N only
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Individually arranged, supervised observation of and assistance with activities of licensed mental health providers (e.g., Licensed Psychologists, Licensed Clinical Social Workers, Licensed Counselors, Marriage and Family Therapists) in schools, clinics, hospitals, and other field settings [Note: only 4 cr may be applied to the BA or the Psy major or minor] prereq: normally requires 4101, 4102, other courses appropriate to field experience.
PSY 4993 - Directed Study
Credits: 1.0 -5.0 [max 10.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
An on- or off-campus learning experience individually arranged between a student and a faculty member for academic credit in areas not covered in the regular curriculum.
STAT 3601 - Data Analysis (M/SR)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Fall
Nature and objectives of statistical data analysis, exploratory and confirmatory data analysis techniques. Some types of statistical procedures; formulation of models, examination of the adequacy of the models. Some special models; simple regression, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, analysis of variance, use of statistical computer packages. prereq: 1601 or 2601 or 2611 or instr consent
STAT 3611 - Multivariate Statistical Analysis (M/SR)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered: Every Spring
Analysis of categorical data. Loglinear models for two- and higher-dimensional contingency tables. Logistic regression models. Aspects of multivariate analysis, random vectors, sample geometry and random sampling, multivariate normal distribution, inferences about the mean vector, MANOVA. Analysis of covariance structures: principal components, factor analysis. Classification and grouping techniques: discrimination and classification, clustering, use of statistical computer packages. prereq: 1601 or 2601 or 2611 or instr consent