Duluth campus

This is archival data. This system was retired as of August 21, 2023 and the information on this page has not been updated since then. For current information, visit catalogs.umn.edu.

 
Duluth Campus

Biology B.A.

Biology
Swenson College of Science and Engineering
  • Program Type: Baccalaureate
  • Requirements for this program are current for Spring 2017
  • Required credits to graduate with this degree: 120
  • Required credits within the major: 70 to 82
  • Degree: Bachelor of Arts
Biology has long been recognized as basic to environment, agriculture, and medicine. Because the topics studied by biologists range from sub-cellular particles to global environmental concerns, and because of the variety of living organisms and the various ways of studying them, many specialties have developed. The B.A. program provides majors with the necessary background to pursue careers in the diverse areas of life science, including health care professions, and the many careers that provide the interface between science and society.
Program Delivery
This program is available:
  • via classroom (the majority of instruction is face-to-face)
Admission Requirements
For information about University of Minnesota admission requirements, visit the Office of Admissions website.
Required prerequisites
Introductory Requirement (1 cr)
Transfer students with 24 or more credits and current students who change from a BS degree or change colleges may request to be waived from this requirement. New first-year students with 24 or more PSEO credits may request to be waived from this requirement.
UST 1000 - Learning in Community (1.0-2.0 cr)
General Requirements
  1. Students must meet all course and credit requirements of the departments and colleges or schools in which they are enrolled including an advanced writing course. Students seeking two degrees must fulfill the requirements of both degrees. However, two degrees cannot be awarded for the same major.
  2. Students must complete all requirements of the Liberal Education Program or its approved equivalent.
  3. Students must complete a minimum of 120 semester credits completed in compliance with University of Minnesota Duluth academic policies with credit limits (e.g., Satisfactory/Non-Satisfactory Grading Policy, Credit for Prior Learning, etc).
  4. At least 30 semester credits must be earned through UMD, and 15 of the last 30 credits earned immediately before graduation must be awarded by UMD.
  5. At least half of upper-division (3xxx-level or higher) credits that satisfy major requirements (major requirements includes all courses required for the major, including courses in a subplan) through UMD.
  6. If a minor is required, students must take at least three upper division credits in their minor field from UMD.
  7. For certificate programs, at least 3 upper-division credits that satisfy requirements for the certificate must be taken through UMD. If the program does not require upper division credits students must take at least one course from the certificate program from UMD.
  8. The minimum cumulative University of Minnesota (UMN) GPA required for graduation is 2.00 and includes only University of Minnesota coursework. A minimum UMN GPA of 2.00 is required in each UMD undergraduate major, minor, and certificate. No academic unit may impose a higher GPA standard to graduate.
  9. Diploma, transcripts, licensure, and certification will be withheld until all financial obligations to the University have been met.
Program Requirements
1. The human biology sub-plan requires a minor or second major from another area of study outside the Department of Biology with the exception of the natural history minor. The life science sub-plan requires a minor or second major from a non-SCSE program.
Biology BA Core Courses (18 - 21 cr)
General Biology I
BIOL 1013 {Inactive} [NAT SCI] (5.0 cr)
General Biology II
BIOL 1012 - General Biology II [SUSTAIN] (5.0 cr)
Additional Biology
BIOL 2201 - Genetics (3.0 cr)
BIOL 3987 - Communication in Biology (2.0 cr)
Ecology
BIOL 2410 - Ecology and Evolution (3.0 cr)
or BIOL 2801 - General Ecology (3.0 cr)
BIOL 3401 - Evolution (3.0 cr)
Chemistry (10 cr)
CHEM 1113 - Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry I [LE CAT, NAT SCI] (5.0 cr)
CHEM 1114 - Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry II (5.0 cr)
or CHEM 1153 - General Chemistry I [LE CAT, NAT SCI] (4.0 cr)
CHEM 1154 - General Chemistry Lab I [LE CAT, NAT SCI] (1.0 cr)
CHEM 1155 - General Chemistry II (4.0 cr)
CHEM 1156 - General Chemistry Lab II (1.0 cr)
Math and Statistics (7 - 9 cr)
Math
MATH 1160 - Finite Mathematics and Introduction to Calculus [LE CAT, LOGIC & QR] (5.0 cr)
or MATH 1250 - Precalculus Analysis [LE CAT2, LOGIC & QR] (4.0 cr)
or MATH 1290 - Calculus for the Natural Sciences [LE CAT2, LOGIC & QR] (5.0 cr)
or MATH 1296 - Calculus I [LE CAT, LOGIC & QR] (5.0 cr)
or MATH 1596 {Inactive} [LE CAT2, LOGIC & QR] (5.0 cr)
Statistics
ECON 2030 - Applied Statistics for Business and Economics [LOGIC & QR] (3.0 cr)
or PSY 3020 - Statistical Methods (4.0 cr)
or STAT 1411 - Introduction to Statistics [LE CAT, LOGIC & QR] (3.0 cr)
or STAT 24xx or above (3 - 4 cr)
Advanced Writing Requirement (3 cr)
WRIT 3150 - Advanced Writing: Science (3.0 cr)
Program Sub-plans
Students are required to complete one of the following sub-plans.
Human Biology
The biology bachelor of arts in human biology is designed to provide the breadth and depth of knowledge required for students entering human health care professions including nursing, dentistry, pharmacy, physician assistant and the diverse array of health care technician programs. The core courses in biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics provide a strong foundation for more specialized upper division coursework. Students will complete their degree with upper division electives from the life, physical, and social sciences and humanities to focus their degree towards their professional goals. Please visit the Biology Department webpage http://www.d.umn.edu/biology/ for example plans.
Human Biology Core (13 cr)
BIOL 3100 - Cell Biology (3.0 cr)
BIOL 3771 - Human Anatomy (4.0 cr)
BIOL 3772 - Human Physiology (4.0 cr)
BIOL 2102 - Cell Biology Laboratory (2.0 cr)
or BIOL 2202 - Genetics Laboratory (2.0 cr)
Biology BA Electives (15 cr)
Between the biology electives and additional electives, at least one biology lab course must be included.
Cell Biology (CELL)
BIOL 4361, and 5232 carry a lab component
Take 2 or more course(s) totaling 6 or more credit(s) from the following:
· BIOL 3512 - Biology of HIV and AIDS (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3101 - Molecular Biology of Cancer (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3102 - Cell Biology of Human Disease (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3301 - Patterning the Embryo (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4199 - Frontiers in Cell Biology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4231 - Molecular Biology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4361 - Developmental Biology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4511 - Medical Microbiology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4631 {Inactive} (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4232 - Molecular Biology Laboratory (2.0 cr)
· BIOL 5511 {Inactive} (3.0 cr)
· BMS 5545 - Immunology (3.0 cr)
Social Science, Business and Humanities (SBH)
Must be from at least 2 different designators. There are no courses in this group that carry a lab component.
Take 3 or more course(s) totaling 9 or more credit(s) from the following:
· ANTH 1602 - Biological Anthropology and Archaeology [LE CAT, SOC SCI] (4.0 cr)
· ECON 1003 - Economics and Society [LE CAT, SOC SCI] (3.0 cr)
· HIST 2350 - Hunting and Gathering and the History of American Health [HUMANITIES, SUSTAIN] (4.0 cr)
· MGTS 1101 - Introduction to Business [LE CAT8] (3.0 cr)
· PHIL 1003 - Ethics and Society [LE CAT8, LEIP CAT08, HUMANITIES, CDIVERSITY] (3.0 cr)
· PSY 1003 - General Psychology [LE CAT, SOC SCI] (4.0 cr)
· PSY 2021 - Developmental Psychology [LE CAT, LECD C, SOC SCI, CDIVERSITY] (3.0 cr)
· PSY 3121 - Abnormal Psychology (3.0 cr)
· SOC 1101 - Introduction to Sociology [LE CAT, LECD C, SOC SCI, CDIVERSITY] (4.0 cr)
Additional Electives (10 cr)
Between the Biology BA Electives and Additional Electives, at least one Biology Lab course must be included. Courses cannot be used to fulfill more than 1 requirement within the major.
Take 10 or more credit(s) from the following:
Electives
BIOL 2571 carries a lab component.
Take 0 or more course(s) from the following:
· ANTH 2xxx
· ANTH 3xxx
· ANTH 4xxx
· BIOL 2571 - Microbiology for Human Health (4.0 cr)
· BMS 5501 - Neurobiochemistry (2.0 cr)
· BMS 5555 - Molecular Pathogenesis: Current Concepts (3.0 cr)
· BMS 5601 - Grand Challenges in Physiology (3.0 cr)
· BMS 5602 - Physiology of Organ Systems II (2.0 cr)
· CHEM 2541 - Organic Chemistry I (3.0 cr)
· CHEM 2542 - Organic Chemistry II (3.0 cr)
· CHEM 2543 - Organic Chemistry I Laboratory (1.0 cr)
· CHEM 2544 - Organic Chemistry II Laboratory (1.0 cr)
· CHEM 3322 - Biochemistry (3.0 cr)
· CHEM 3324 - Biochemistry Laboratory (1.0 cr)
· PSY 3xxx
· PSY 4xxx
· PSY 5xxx
· SOC 2xxx
· SOC 3xxx
· SOC 4xxx
· Physics I Electives
Take 0 or more course(s) from the following:
PHYS 1001 - Introduction to Physics I [LE CAT, NAT SCI] (5.0 cr)
or PHYS 2013 - General Physics I [LE CAT, NAT SCI] (4.0 cr)
with PHYS 2014 - General Physics Lab I [NAT SCI] (1.0 cr)
or PHYS 2017 - Honors: General Physics I [NAT SCI] (4.0 cr)
with PHYS 2014 - General Physics Lab I [NAT SCI] (1.0 cr)
· Physics II Electives
Take 0 or more course(s) from the following:
PHYS 1002 - Introduction to Physics II (5.0 cr)
or PHYS 2015 - General Physics II (4.0 cr)
with PHYS 2016 - General Physics Lab II (1.0 cr)
or PHYS 2018 - Honors General Physics II (4.0 cr)
with PHYS 2014 - General Physics Lab I [NAT SCI] (1.0 cr)
· Anatomy, Morphology, Physiology Electives (AMP)
BIOL 3703 and 4604 carry a lab component
Take 0 or more course(s) from the following:
· BIOL 3703 - Animal Physiology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4604 - Plant Physiology (4.0 cr)
· BIOL 5772 - Neural Systems and Behavior (3.0 cr)
· Cell Biology Electives (CELL)
BIOL 4361 and 5232 carry a lab component
Take 0 or more course(s) from the following:
· BIOL 3512 - Biology of HIV and AIDS (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3101 - Molecular Biology of Cancer (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3102 - Cell Biology of Human Disease (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3301 - Patterning the Embryo (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4199 - Frontiers in Cell Biology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4361 - Developmental Biology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4511 - Medical Microbiology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4631 {Inactive} (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 5511 {Inactive} (3.0 cr)
· BMS 5545 - Immunology (3.0 cr)
· Diversity and Taxonomy Electives (DT)
All courses in this category carry a lab component
Take 0 or more course(s) from the following:
· BIOL 3502 - General Microbiology (4.0 cr)
· BIOL 3601 - Plant Diversity (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3603 - Plant Taxonomy (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3701 - Animal Diversity (4.0 cr)
· BIOL 4731 - Entomology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4761 - Ichthyology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4763 - Ornithology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4764 - Mammalogy (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 5515 - Microbial Diversity and Phylogeny (3.0 cr)
· Ecology, Evolution & Behavior Electives (EEB)
BIOL 3761, 3811 and 4839 carry a lab component.
Take 0 or more course(s) from the following:
· BIOL 3401 - Evolution (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3760 - Marine Biology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3761 - Field Studies in Marine Biology (4.0 cr)
· BIOL 3811 {Inactive} (4.0 cr)
· BIOL 3830 {Inactive} (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3835 - Freshwater Ecology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4233 {Inactive} (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4818 - Biotic Response to Climate Change (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4839 - Coral Reef Field Studies [GLOBAL PER] (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4850 - Food and Humans (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4891 - Animal Behavior (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4992 - Senior Seminar: Classic Readings in Natural History (1.0 cr)
· BIOL 5240 - Ecological Genetics (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 5777 {Inactive} (2.0 cr)
· BIOL 5801 - Microbial Ecology (2.0 cr)
· BIOL 5805 - Fisheries Ecology and Management (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 5808 {Inactive} (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 5833 - Stream Ecology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 5861 - Lake Ecology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 5865 - Conservation Biology (2.0 cr)
· BIOL 5870 - Wetland Ecology (3.0 cr)
· Supplemental Biology Electives (SBE)
These courses can be used as additional electives only if they have not been used in the core. 2 cr of SSP 3002 TA Practicum (in Biology) may be substituted for BIOL 3993 as an upper division elective with departmental approval. A maximum of 2 cr BIOL 3993, a maximum of 4 cr BIOL 3994 and a maximum of 1 cr BIOL 3996 may be applied to the degree. BIOL 2102, 2202 and 2802 carry a lab component.
Take 0 or more course(s) from the following:
· BIOL 2102 - Cell Biology Laboratory (2.0 cr)
· BIOL 2202 - Genetics Laboratory (2.0 cr)
· BIOL 2802 - Ecology Laboratory (2.0 cr)
· BIOL 3001 {Inactive} (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3993 - Laboratory Teaching Experience (1.0-2.0 cr)
· BIOL 3994 - Undergraduate Research (1.0-3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3996 - Internship in Biology (1.0-2.0 cr)
· BIOL 5001 - Teaching and Learning in the Life Sciences (1.0 cr)
· Social Science, Business & Humanities Electives (SBH)
Take 0 or more course(s) from the following:
· ANTH 1602 - Biological Anthropology and Archaeology [LE CAT, SOC SCI] (4.0 cr)
· ECON 1003 - Economics and Society [LE CAT, SOC SCI] (3.0 cr)
· HIST 2350 - Hunting and Gathering and the History of American Health [HUMANITIES, SUSTAIN] (4.0 cr)
· MGTS 1101 - Introduction to Business [LE CAT8] (3.0 cr)
· PHIL 1003 - Ethics and Society [LE CAT8, LEIP CAT08, HUMANITIES, CDIVERSITY] (3.0 cr)
· PSY 1003 - General Psychology [LE CAT, SOC SCI] (4.0 cr)
· PSY 2021 - Developmental Psychology [LE CAT, LECD C, SOC SCI, CDIVERSITY] (3.0 cr)
· PSY 3121 - Abnormal Psychology (3.0 cr)
· SOC 1101 - Introduction to Sociology [LE CAT, LECD C, SOC SCI, CDIVERSITY] (4.0 cr)
Life Sciences
The life sciences sub-plan is for students whose educational and career objectives can best be met by integrating a strong biology background with courses from multiple departments in order to complete a second major or minor outside the Swenson College of Science and Engineering. Please visit the Biology Department webpage http://www.d.umn.edu/biology/ for example plans.
Life Science Core Courses (5 cr)
BIOL 2110 - Cell and Molecular Biology (3.0 cr)
or BIOL 3100 - Cell Biology (3.0 cr)
BIOL 2102 - Cell Biology Laboratory (2.0 cr)
or BIOL 2202 - Genetics Laboratory (2.0 cr)
or BIOL 2802 - Ecology Laboratory (2.0 cr)
Biology BA Elective Categories (26 cr)
Courses cannot be used to fulfill more than 1 requirement in the major. Must include a minimum of 17 credits BIOL 3xxx or above and 3 biology lab courses. Take 26 or more credit(s) from the following:
Anatomy, Morphology, Physiology (AMP)
BIOL 3703, 3771, 3772 and 4604 carry a lab component.
Take 0 or more course(s) from the following:
· BIOL 3703 - Animal Physiology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3771 - Human Anatomy (4.0 cr)
· BIOL 3772 - Human Physiology (4.0 cr)
· BIOL 4604 - Plant Physiology (4.0 cr)
· BIOL 5772 - Neural Systems and Behavior (3.0 cr)
Cell Biology (CELL)
BIOL 4361, and 5232 carry a lab component.
Take 1 or more course(s) totaling 3 or more credit(s) from the following:
· BIOL 3512 - Biology of HIV and AIDS (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3100 - Cell Biology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3101 - Molecular Biology of Cancer (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3102 - Cell Biology of Human Disease (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3301 - Patterning the Embryo (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4199 - Frontiers in Cell Biology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4361 - Developmental Biology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4511 - Medical Microbiology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4631 {Inactive} (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4232 - Molecular Biology Laboratory (2.0 cr)
· BIOL 5511 {Inactive} (3.0 cr)
· BMS 5545 - Immunology (3.0 cr)
Diversity and Taxonomy (DT)
All courses in this category carry a lab component.
Take 1 or more course(s) totaling 3 or more credit(s) from the following:
· BIOL 3502 - General Microbiology (4.0 cr)
· BIOL 3601 - Plant Diversity (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3603 - Plant Taxonomy (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3701 - Animal Diversity (4.0 cr)
· BIOL 4731 - Entomology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4761 - Ichthyology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4763 - Ornithology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4764 - Mammalogy (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 5515 - Microbial Diversity and Phylogeny (3.0 cr)
Ecology, Evolution and Behavior (EEB)
BIOL 3761, 3811, and 4839 carry a lab component.
Take 1 or more course(s) totaling 3 or more credit(s) from the following:
· BIOL 3760 - Marine Biology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3761 - Field Studies in Marine Biology (4.0 cr)
· BIOL 3401 - Evolution (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3811 {Inactive} (4.0 cr)
· BIOL 3830 {Inactive} (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3835 - Freshwater Ecology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4233 {Inactive} (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4818 - Biotic Response to Climate Change (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4839 - Coral Reef Field Studies [GLOBAL PER] (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4850 - Food and Humans (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4891 - Animal Behavior (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 4992 - Senior Seminar: Classic Readings in Natural History (1.0 cr)
· BIOL 5240 - Ecological Genetics (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 5777 {Inactive} (2.0 cr)
· BIOL 5801 - Microbial Ecology (2.0 cr)
· BIOL 5805 - Fisheries Ecology and Management (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 5808 {Inactive} (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 5833 - Stream Ecology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 5861 - Lake Ecology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 5865 - Conservation Biology (2.0 cr)
· BIOL 5870 - Wetland Ecology (3.0 cr)
Supplemental Biology Electives (SBE)
These courses can be used as additional electives only if they have not been used in the core. 2 cr of SSP 3002 TA Practicum (in Biology) may be substituted for BIOL 3993 as an upper division elective with departmental approval. A maximum of 2 cr BIOL 3993, a maximum of 4 cr BIOL 3994 and a maximum of 1 cr BIOL 3996 may be applied to the degree. BIOL 2102, 2202 and 2802 carry a lab component.
Take 0 or more course(s) from the following:
· BIOL 2102 - Cell Biology Laboratory (2.0 cr)
· BIOL 2202 - Genetics Laboratory (2.0 cr)
· BIOL 2801 - General Ecology (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 2802 - Ecology Laboratory (2.0 cr)
· BIOL 3001 {Inactive} (3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3993 - Laboratory Teaching Experience (1.0-2.0 cr)
· BIOL 3994 - Undergraduate Research (1.0-3.0 cr)
· BIOL 3996 - Internship in Biology (1.0-2.0 cr)
· BIOL 5001 - Teaching and Learning in the Life Sciences (1.0 cr)
Courses from programs outside of SCSE
Must be from at least 2 different designators, 3xxx and above. May take non-SCSE course 1xxx, 2xxx upon departmental approval. Take 3 or more courses totaling 9 or more credits within these parameters.
 
More program views..
View college catalog(s):
· Swenson College of Science and Engineering

View future requirement(s):
· Fall 2023
· Fall 2022
· Fall 2021
· Fall 2020
· Fall 2019
· Fall 2018
· Fall 2017

View sample plan(s):
· Biology BA
· Human Biology Sample Plan
· Life Sciences Sample Plan

View checkpoint chart:
· Biology B.A.
View PDF Version:
Search.
Search Programs

Search University Catalogs
Related links.

Swenson College of Science and Engineering

Duluth Admissions

Duluth Application

One Stop
for tuition, course registration, financial aid, academic calendars, and more
 
UST 1000 - Learning in Community
Credits: 1.0 -2.0 [max 2.0]
Course Equivalencies: EHS 1000/UST 1000/ ES 1000
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Facilitates the successful transition into college learning and student life at UMD. Credit will not be granted if already received for EHS 1000.
BIOL 1012 - General Biology II (SUSTAIN)
Credits: 5.0 [max 5.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Fundamental concepts of biology, including classification and diversity of life, anatomy, physiology, and development of prokaryotes, protistans, fungi, animals, and plants; behavior; population, community, and ecosystem ecology. (4 hrs lect, 2.5 hrs lab) prereq: A grade of C- or better in 1011
BIOL 2201 - Genetics
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Basic principles of Mendelian inheritance, molecular genetics, chromosomal aberrations, and population genetics. (3 hrs lect) prereq: A grade of C- or better in both 1011 and 1012, CHEM 1114 or CHEM 1155 or CHEM 1175, pre or co req; may be taken without lab BIOL 2202
BIOL 3987 - Communication in Biology
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F only
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Develop professional oral communication skills through the attendance and evaluation of biological science public seminars, the construction and presentation of a professional public seminar, and the introduction of a student seminar speaker. prereq: Minimum 90 credits, Biology or Cell and Molecular Biology major; credit will not be granted if already received for 3997 AND 3998
BIOL 2410 - Ecology and Evolution
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Introduction to Darwinian biology and the complexity and connections of life. Topics include: genes in populations; natural selection, molecular and macroevolution, foundation ecological principles, ecological interactions, population and community ecology. pre-req: BIOL 2201 with a grade of C- or better; credit will not be granted if already received for BIOL 3802 or 4801 or 4802
BIOL 2801 - General Ecology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Relationships between life and environment for individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems; surveys of environmental factors and biomes. May be taken without lab 2802. (3 hrs lect) prereq: A grade of C- or better in both 1011 and 1012; may be taken without lab BIOL 2802
BIOL 3401 - Evolution
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Origin, history, opposition, and evidence supporting evolutionary ideas. Basic concepts: origin of life, phylogeny, biological history, mechanisms of evolutionary change, population genetics, speciation, tempo of evolution, macroevolution, extinction, biogeography, evolution of social systems, altruism. (3 hours lecture) prereq: A grade of C- or better in all of the following Biology courses 1011, 1012, 2201 or IBS Grad student; credit will not be granted if already received for 3802, 4801 or 4802
CHEM 1113 - Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry I (LE CAT, NAT SCI)
Credits: 5.0 [max 5.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Chemical principles and their applications: atomic and molecular structure, solutions, acids, bases, salts, equilibria. prereq: ACT of 21 or higher or MATH 1005; for students terminating study of chem with no more than 10 cr; credit will not be granted if already received for 1151, 1153/1154, 1161, 1173/74 or 2172
CHEM 1114 - Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry II
Credits: 5.0 [max 5.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Spring Odd Year
Chemical principles and their applications: physical and chemical properties of organic compounds, organic chemistry of living systems; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, and metabolic pathways. prereq: 1113
CHEM 1153 - General Chemistry I (LE CAT, NAT SCI)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies: CHEM 1173/CHEM 1153/CHEM 1161
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Fundamental principles of chemistry exemplified by study of elements, compounds, and their reactions. Covers fundamental concepts of the atom, molecule, stoichiometry, chemical reactions, thermochemistry, gas laws, atomic structure, periodic table, chemical bonding, and other selected topics. The companion laboratory, CHEM 1154, should be taken concurrently. The combination of CHEM 1153 and CHEM 1154 meets the lab component of NAT SCI, LE CAT 4. prereq: One year high school chem, Math ACT 24 or higher or a grade of least C- in Math 1005, Credit will not be granted if already received for 1151 or 1161 or 1173. Fall semester, SCSE majors only.
CHEM 1154 - General Chemistry Lab I (LE CAT, NAT SCI)
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Course Equivalencies: CHEM 1174/CHEM 1154
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Basic laboratory skills while investigating the fundamental principles of chemistry. Covers fundamental concepts of the atom and molecule, stoichiometry, acid-base reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions, thermochemistry, characteristic properties of anions, gas laws and spectrophotometry. This laboratory accompanies lecture CHEM 1153. The combination of CHEM 1153 and CHEM 1154 meets liberal education category 4 requirements. prereq: Previous or concurrent enrollment in CHEM 1153 or 1173; credit will not be granted if already received for CHEM 1151, 1161 or 1174.
CHEM 1155 - General Chemistry II
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies: CHEM 1175/CHEM 1155/CHEM 1162
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Fundamental principles of chemistry exemplified by study of elements, compounds, and their reactions. Covers intermolecular forces, properties of liquids, solids and solution, chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, acids and bases, solubility, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, nuclear chemistry, and other selected topics. Solid knowledge of college algebra and General Chemistry I is required. The companion laboratory course CHEM 1156 should be taken concurrently. prereq: 1151 or 1153 or 1161 or 1173; credit will not be granted if already received for 1152, 1162 or 1175.
CHEM 1156 - General Chemistry Lab II
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Course Equivalencies: CHEM 1176/CHEM 1156
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Fundamental principles of chemistry exemplified by laboratory study of elements, compounds, and their reactions. Covers titration, intermolecular forces, colligative properties, kinetics, chemical equilibria, and qualitative analysis. This laboratory accompanies lecture CHEM 1155. prereq: 1151 or 1161 or 1154 or 1174, concurrent or previous enrollment in CHEM 1155; credit will not be granted if already received for Chem 1152, 1162 or 1176.
MATH 1160 - Finite Mathematics and Introduction to Calculus (LE CAT, LOGIC & QR)
Credits: 5.0 [max 5.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Elementary functions, matrices, graphical and algebraic methods for solving systems of linear equations and inequalities, introduction to linear programming, and abbreviated treatment of calculus with emphasis on business and social science applications. prereq: Math ACT 24 or higher or a grade of at least C- in Math 1005 or department consent; if you have received credit for 1290 or 1296 or 1596, you will not receive credit for Math 1160.
MATH 1250 - Precalculus Analysis (LE CAT2, LOGIC & QR)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
This course introduces the concepts of analytical geometry, relations, functions, and graphs. It includes exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions as well as conic sections, sequences and series, and systems of linear equations. prereq: Math ACT 24 or higher or a grade of at least C- in Math 1005 or department consent
MATH 1290 - Calculus for the Natural Sciences (LE CAT2, LOGIC & QR)
Credits: 5.0 [max 5.0]
Course Equivalencies: Math1290/1296/1596
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Differential and integral calculus needed for modeling in earth and life sciences. Computational software. Not intended for students in mathematics, engineering, or physical sciences. prereq: Math ACT 27 or higher or a grade of at least C- in Math 1250 or department consent
MATH 1296 - Calculus I (LE CAT, LOGIC & QR)
Credits: 5.0 [max 5.0]
Course Equivalencies: Math1290/1296/1596
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
First part of a standard introduction to calculus of functions of a single variable. Limits, continuity, derivatives, integrals, and their applications. prereq: Math ACT 27 or higher or a grade of at least C- in Math 1250 or department consent
ECON 2030 - Applied Statistics for Business and Economics (LOGIC & QR)
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Introduction to modern business statistics, emphasizing problem solving applications through statistical decision making using case studies. Topics include organization and presentation of data, summary statistics, distributions, statistical inference including estimation, and hypothesis testing. prereq: minimum 30 credits, LSBE student, pre-business or pre-accounting or Econ BA major or Graphic Design and Marketing major or Graphic Design with Marketing subplan major or Econ minor or Accounting minor or Business Admin minor or Arts Administration; credit will not be granted if already received for Econ 2020, Stat 1411, Stat 2411, Stat 3611, Soc 3151, Psy 3020
PSY 3020 - Statistical Methods
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Descriptive statistics; introduction to correlational analysis and regression; sampling techniques and statistical inference; applications of simple and factorial design analysis of variance and other parametric and nonparametric hypothesis-test statistics in the behavioral sciences. prereq: Math ACT 21 or higher or Accuplacer score of 237-300 or higher or MATH 1005
STAT 1411 - Introduction to Statistics (LE CAT, LOGIC & QR)
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Statistical ideas involved in gathering, describing, and analyzing observational and experimental data. Experimental design, descriptive statistics, correlation and regression, probabilistic models, sampling, and statistical inference. prereq: Math ACT 21 or higher or a grade of at least C- in MATH 0103 or department approval
WRIT 3150 - Advanced Writing: Science
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Study of writing for those invested in the disciplines of mathematics and life and physical sciences. Exploration of academic and professional rhetorical situations. Practice with research methods, document design, editing, effective collaboration, and ethical issues in the production of documents in multiple genres for multiple audiences. prereq: 1) WRIT 1120 or MNTC or AA completed 2) minimum 60 credits earned or in progress
BIOL 3100 - Cell Biology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Topics include membranes and membrane trafficking, cytoskeleton, signal transduction, cell cycle regulation and experimental methods used in cell studies. Examples will come from all phyla of life. (3 hrs lect) pre-req: A grade of C- or better in BIOL 1011 or 1013, 2201, CHEM 1152 or 1162 or 1155 and 1156 or 1175 and 1176; may be taken without lab BIOL 2102; credit will not be granted if already received for BIOL 2101
BIOL 3771 - Human Anatomy
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Human anatomical form and function. Lectures cover the structure and function of the major body systems. Topics include tissue types, organs, and organ systems, including the integumentary, skeletal, articular, muscular, nervous, respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, urinary and reproductive systems in the context of the science of biology. The lecture material is reinforced through observations of microscope slides, anatomical models and charts, and the dissection of a cat and sheep organs and observations of human cadavers. Suitable for biology majors/minors and pre-professional students interested in entering health related professions. Provides (2hrs lect, 4hrs lab). prereq: 1011, 1012; credit will not be granted if already received for 1761 or 2769
BIOL 3772 - Human Physiology
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Integrative study of major human organ systems including cardiovascular, muscle, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal physiology and quantitative aspects of physiology. Examination of principles, patterns, and mechanisms regulating and maintaining homeostasis in normal human physiological processes from the level of cells and tissues to the whole animal. Suitable for biology majors and pre-profesional students interested in entering health related professions. (3 hrs lecture, 3 hrs lab) pre-req: C- or better in BIOL 3771 or 2769, CHEM 1114 or 1155 or 1175 or equivalent full year of college chemistry, MATH 1250 or above.
BIOL 2102 - Cell Biology Laboratory
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Writing intensive course using contemporary cell biology research techniques, hypothesis testing and communication of results. prereq: A grade of C- or better in both 1011 and 1012 or 1013, concurrent registration is allowed for 3100 or 2110
BIOL 2202 - Genetics Laboratory
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F only
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Writing intensive course that uses an array of experimental approaches to gain understanding of the principles of genetics. prereq: A grade of C- or better in 1011, 1012 and 2201 (concurrent registration is allowed for 2201)
BIOL 3512 - Biology of HIV and AIDS
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Summer
A comprehensive overview of the current AIDS pandemic ranging from molecular and biomedical aspects to societal and psychological aspects. Molecular biology of HIV, the immune system's response, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and social implications will be discussed. prereq: 1012; credit will not be granted if already received for BIOL 2512
BIOL 3101 - Molecular Biology of Cancer
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Summer
Overview of mechanisms underlying the development of human cancer. Topics include intracellular signaling systems including oncogenes and tumor suppressors, cell cycle, tumorigenesis, multi-step carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis and genetic instability in cancer. The detection and modern treatment of cancer will also be discussed. prereq: 2101 or 2110 or 3100
BIOL 3102 - Cell Biology of Human Disease
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Summer Even Year
Topics in human cellular biology as related to human diseases. A focus on learning to read primary literature and critically analyze and communicate scientific ideas. prereq: 2101 or 2110 or 3100
BIOL 3301 - Patterning the Embryo
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Important topics in developmental biology from the historical literature up to recent presentations with focus on learning how to read and critically analyze primary literature, and how to communicate ideas in written and oral scientific presentations. prereq: 1011, 1012, Min 60 cr
BIOL 4199 - Frontiers in Cell Biology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Fall Odd Year
Analysis and discussion of current literature and topics. prereq: 2201 and 3100; credit will not be granted if already received for 5199
BIOL 4231 - Molecular Biology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Contemporary molecular biology techniques, linkage analysis, mutation, DNA repair and recombination, genetics of viruses and bacteria, transposable genetic elements, genetics of mitochondria and chloroplasts, genomics, genetic control of animal development and the vertebrate immune system. (3 hours lecture) prereq: BIOL 2201, BIOL 2101 or 3100, CHEM 3322 or CHEM 4351 (concurrent registration is allow for CHEM 3322) or IBS Grad student; credit will not be granted if already received for 5231
BIOL 4361 - Developmental Biology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of development, emphasizing animal systems and including cell cycle, gametogenesis, fertilization, morphogenetic movements, differentiation of cell types, cell-cell interactions, pattern formation, gene expression, organogenesis, metamorphosis, regeneration, and aging. (2 hrs lect, 3 hrs lab) prereq: 2201 and (2101 or 2110 or 3100) or IBS Grad student; credit will not be granted if already received for 5361
BIOL 4511 - Medical Microbiology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Overview of the dynamic relationships between human hosts and pathogenic microbes. Topics include the human immune system, antimicrobial therapy, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and pathogenic eukaryotic species. prereq: 3502 or 4501
BIOL 4232 - Molecular Biology Laboratory
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Regulation of gene expression in prokaryote and eukaryotes explored through use of recombinant DNA technologies. prereq: 4231 or 4231 (concurrent enrollment is allowed), CHEM 3322 or Biochemistry and Molecular Biology or IBS Grad student; credit will not be granted if already received for 5232
BMS 5545 - Immunology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
The immune system including the cells and molecules which work cooperatively to resist disease and aberrations resulting in immune disorders. prereq: department consent
ANTH 1602 - Biological Anthropology and Archaeology (LE CAT, SOC SCI)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies: Anth 1601/1602
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Origin and development of extinct and living human forms, primatology, human biological variations, the race concept, evolution, and development of human societies up to the earliest stages of ancient civilizations.
ECON 1003 - Economics and Society (LE CAT, SOC SCI)
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
General description of U.S. economy and analysis of contemporary economic problems. Introduction to major economic issues and problems of the day, providing a simple framework used by economists for analysis. prereq: Cannot apply credit to economics major or minor or BAc or BBA majors
HIST 2350 - Hunting and Gathering and the History of American Health (HUMANITIES, SUSTAIN)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
This course is unique in its joint appeal to students of history and student of biology, as well students from other related fields in the humanities and the sciences. Students will be exposed to cutting-edge research linking the study of early American history, American Indian history, the history of American ecology, modern nutritional science, and the development of immunity to disease. Students will be required to understand the ways in which published scientific data and research can inform historical case studies of the encounter between colonial Americans, American Indians, and European from the fifteenth century to the twentieth century and vice versa. Students will be introduced to contemporary debates on the relationship between nutritional science and human immunity, using the to understand the history of colonial American and American Indian health, farming, hunting, and ecology following European contact. These histories, in turn, will illuminate their reading of scientific papers and research.
MGTS 1101 - Introduction to Business (LE CAT8)
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
Introduction to context, environment, and operation of business and organizations. Study of foundations and functional areas of business and entrepreneurship. Analysis of technological, ethical, diversity, and global issues from business and organizational perspectives.
PHIL 1003 - Ethics and Society (LE CAT8, LEIP CAT08, HUMANITIES, CDIVERSITY)
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Classic theories addressing questions of whether morality is subjective or objective, cultural relativism versus universal rules, how right and wrong should be determined. Moral issues such as euthanasia, the environment, population and birth control, nuclear deterrence, alternative life styles, and capital punishment in their international dimension. prereq: credit will not be granted if already received for CLA 1101
PSY 1003 - General Psychology (LE CAT, SOC SCI)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Scientific study of behavior; current knowledge of biological, social, and cognitive areas of psychology. Assessment, research methods, human development, personality, mental disorders, and therapy.
PSY 2021 - Developmental Psychology (LE CAT, LECD C, SOC SCI, CDIVERSITY)
Credits: 3.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Major processes in human development, conception through lifespan; biological and cultural influences on physical-motor, cognitive, social, and emotional development; effects of diverse cultural traditions and values; social policy implications.
PSY 3121 - Abnormal Psychology
Credits: 3.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Mental disorders, including DSM-5 classification system, etiology, and treatment. prereq: 1003 or instructor consent
SOC 1101 - Introduction to Sociology (LE CAT, LECD C, SOC SCI, CDIVERSITY)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
This course will help students develop a 'sociological imagination' - that is, an understanding of the relationship between the individual and the wider society. Students are introduced to the discipline of sociology, which is the systematic study of social interaction, social organization, social institutions, and social change. The course covers the main concepts, theories, and methods of sociology that are used to explore everything from daily interactions to widespread social problems.
BIOL 2571 - Microbiology for Human Health
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
This course will introduce students to the microbiological issues they will face as health care professionals. We will cover the basic science of microorganisms primarily bacteria, viruses, and fungi. We will examine the impacts of these microbes on patient health, of microbial infections, modes of preventative care, and how the human immune response protects the body against infection and disease. This course cannot be used for upper division credit for BA or BS majors in the Biology Department. 3 hours lecture and 2 hours lab pre-req: BIOL 1011 and 1012; credit will not be granted if already received for BIOL 3502 or 4501; This course cannot be used for Biology majors to fulfill biology elective credit except in the Biology BA Human Biology track.
BMS 5501 - Neurobiochemistry
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Prerequisites: Chem 3322 or Chem 4351 or instructor consent
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Current concepts on anatomical and compositional properties of brain; membranes and transport; neurotransmission; receptors and signal transduction mechanisms; energy, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and nucleic acid metabolism; development and diseases of the central nervous system. prereq: Chem 3322 or Chem 4351 or instructor consent
BMS 5555 - Molecular Pathogenesis: Current Concepts
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Prerequisites: Biol 2201 or equivalent, Biol 4501 or equivalent or instructor consent
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Spring Even Year
Study of current discoveries in microbial pathogenesis and the molecular techniques used in elucidating pathogenic mechanisms of viral, bacterial and parasitic agents. A survey of current literature related to human infectious disease including malignant transformation. prereq: Biol 2201 or equivalent, Biol 4501 or equivalent or instructor consent
BMS 5601 - Grand Challenges in Physiology
Credits: 3.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
In dept examination of current physiological problems involving the major mammalian organ systems, integrating knowledge from the molecular to system level. prereq: BIOL 3703 or BIOL 3772 or EXSC 3400 or equivalent or graduate student or instructor consent
BMS 5602 - Physiology of Organ Systems II
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Advanced study of organ system functions in context of interaction of organism with environment. prereq: 5601 or instructor consent
CHEM 2541 - Organic Chemistry I
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Structure and bonding, stereochemistry, functional group reactions. prereq: 1152 or 1162 or 1155 and 1156 or 1175 and 1176; credit will not be granted if already received for 2521
CHEM 2542 - Organic Chemistry II
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Functional group reactions, bioorganic chemistry. prereq: 2521 or 2541; credit will not be granted if already received for 2522, 2532
CHEM 2543 - Organic Chemistry I Laboratory
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Laboratory companion to CHEM 2541. Structure and bonding, stereochemistry, functional group reactions. prereq: 1152 or 1162 or 1155 and 1156 or 1175 and 1176, must be taken after or concurrently with CHEM 2541; credit will not be granted if already received for 2521, CHE 3231, ENGR 2110
CHEM 2544 - Organic Chemistry II Laboratory
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Laboratory companion to Chem 2542, for non-chemistry majors. Functional group reactions, bioorganic chemistry. prereq: 2521 or (2541 and 2543), must be taken after or concurrently with CHEM 2542; credit will not be granted if already received for 2522, 2532, 2545
CHEM 3322 - Biochemistry
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring & Summer
Survey of biochemistry, emphasizing enzyme catalysis, cellular energetics, and major metabolic processes. prereq: 2522 or 2532 or 2542
CHEM 3324 - Biochemistry Laboratory
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring & Summer
Identification and analysis of biological molecules with emphasis on the macro-molecules, polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids (RNA, DNA). prereq: 2522 or 2532 or 2542; previous or concurrent registration in 3322
PHYS 1001 - Introduction to Physics I (LE CAT, NAT SCI)
Credits: 5.0 [max 5.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Noncalculus general physics course primarily for certain preprofessional fields. Topics in mechanics, heat, and sound. prereq: Algebra, trig
PHYS 2013 - General Physics I (LE CAT, NAT SCI)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Calculus-based introduction to Newtonian Mechanics, fluid mechanics, and heat. The companion laboratory, PHYS 2014 should be taken concurrently. The combination of PHYS 2013 and 2014 meets liberal education category 4. prereq: previous or concurrent registration in PHYS 2014. Prerequisite of Math 1290 or 1296 or 1596; credit will not be granted if already received for PHYS 2011.
PHYS 2014 - General Physics Lab I (NAT SCI)
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Calculus-based introduction to Newtonian Mechanics, fluid mechanics, and heat exemplified by laboratory study. This laboratory accompanies lecture PHYS 2013 and should be taken concurrently. The combination of PHYS 2013 and 2014 meets liberal education category 4. prereq: previous or concurrent enrollment in PHYS 2013 or 2017
PHYS 2017 - Honors: General Physics I (NAT SCI)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Advanced coverage of General Physics topics that include Newtonian Mechanics, fluid mechanics, and heat. Mathematically and conceptually demanding problem solving techniques. The companion laboratory, PHYS 2014, should be taken concurrently. The combination of PHYS 2014 and PHYS 2017 meets liberal education natural science with lab. prereq: Previous or concurrent registration in PHYS 2014. Previous or concurrent registration in Math 1290 or Math 1296 or 1596, or physics major or instructor permission. Credit will not be granted if already received for PHYS PHYS 2011 or PHYS 2013.
PHYS 2014 - General Physics Lab I (NAT SCI)
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Calculus-based introduction to Newtonian Mechanics, fluid mechanics, and heat exemplified by laboratory study. This laboratory accompanies lecture PHYS 2013 and should be taken concurrently. The combination of PHYS 2013 and 2014 meets liberal education category 4. prereq: previous or concurrent enrollment in PHYS 2013 or 2017
PHYS 1002 - Introduction to Physics II
Credits: 5.0 [max 5.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Noncalculus general physics course primarily for certain preprofessional fields. Topics in light, electricity, magnetism, and modern physics. prereq: 1001 or 2013 or 2017
PHYS 2015 - General Physics II
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Calculus-based introduction to electricity, magnetism and optics. The companion laboratory, PHYS 2016, should be taken concurrently. prereq: previous or concurrent registration in 2016. Prerequisite of 2011 or 2013 or 2017 and 2014, Math 1297 or 1597; credit will not be granted if already received for PHYS 2012.
PHYS 2016 - General Physics Lab II
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Calculus-based introduction to electricity, magnetism and optics exemplified by laboratory study. This laboratory accompanies lecture PHYS 2015 and should be taken concurrently. prereq: Previous or concurrently enrollment in PHYS 2015 or 2018.
PHYS 2018 - Honors General Physics II
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Advanced coverage of calculus-based introduction to electricity magnetism and optics. Mathematically and conceptually demanding problem solving techniques. The companion laboratory, PHYS 2016 should be taken concurrently. Prerequisites: Previous or concurrent registration in PHYS 2016; PHYS 2013 or 2017; co-registration in or prior completion of Math 1287 or 1597 or instruction permission. Credit will not be granted if already received for PHYS 2012 or 2015.
PHYS 2014 - General Physics Lab I (NAT SCI)
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Calculus-based introduction to Newtonian Mechanics, fluid mechanics, and heat exemplified by laboratory study. This laboratory accompanies lecture PHYS 2013 and should be taken concurrently. The combination of PHYS 2013 and 2014 meets liberal education category 4. prereq: previous or concurrent enrollment in PHYS 2013 or 2017
BIOL 3703 - Animal Physiology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Examination of principles, patterns, and mechanisms of biological function from the level of cells and tissues to the whole animal. Primary focus on comparative vertebrate physiology. (2 hours lecture, 2 hours lab) prereq: 1011, 1012, one semester college chemistry
BIOL 4604 - Plant Physiology
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Mechanisms underlying plant function, growth and development: metabolism, water relations, mineral nutrition, transport, internal and external regulators of growth and development, stress physiology, biotechnology. Lab exercises evaluate physiological processes that enable plants to grow under varied conditions found in nature, such as water relations, mineral nutrition, metabolism, growth and development. prereq: 2201 and 1 year college chemistry or IBS grad student
BIOL 5772 - Neural Systems and Behavior
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
Review of the basic neurophysiological components of animal behavior. Emphasis will be on well-studied neuroethological models such as weakly electric fish, bats, owls and crayfish. prereq: 1012, 3703 or IBS Grad student or instructor consent
BIOL 3512 - Biology of HIV and AIDS
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Summer
A comprehensive overview of the current AIDS pandemic ranging from molecular and biomedical aspects to societal and psychological aspects. Molecular biology of HIV, the immune system's response, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and social implications will be discussed. prereq: 1012; credit will not be granted if already received for BIOL 2512
BIOL 3101 - Molecular Biology of Cancer
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Summer
Overview of mechanisms underlying the development of human cancer. Topics include intracellular signaling systems including oncogenes and tumor suppressors, cell cycle, tumorigenesis, multi-step carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis and genetic instability in cancer. The detection and modern treatment of cancer will also be discussed. prereq: 2101 or 2110 or 3100
BIOL 3102 - Cell Biology of Human Disease
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Summer Even Year
Topics in human cellular biology as related to human diseases. A focus on learning to read primary literature and critically analyze and communicate scientific ideas. prereq: 2101 or 2110 or 3100
BIOL 3301 - Patterning the Embryo
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Important topics in developmental biology from the historical literature up to recent presentations with focus on learning how to read and critically analyze primary literature, and how to communicate ideas in written and oral scientific presentations. prereq: 1011, 1012, Min 60 cr
BIOL 4199 - Frontiers in Cell Biology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Fall Odd Year
Analysis and discussion of current literature and topics. prereq: 2201 and 3100; credit will not be granted if already received for 5199
BIOL 4361 - Developmental Biology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of development, emphasizing animal systems and including cell cycle, gametogenesis, fertilization, morphogenetic movements, differentiation of cell types, cell-cell interactions, pattern formation, gene expression, organogenesis, metamorphosis, regeneration, and aging. (2 hrs lect, 3 hrs lab) prereq: 2201 and (2101 or 2110 or 3100) or IBS Grad student; credit will not be granted if already received for 5361
BIOL 4511 - Medical Microbiology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Overview of the dynamic relationships between human hosts and pathogenic microbes. Topics include the human immune system, antimicrobial therapy, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and pathogenic eukaryotic species. prereq: 3502 or 4501
BMS 5545 - Immunology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
The immune system including the cells and molecules which work cooperatively to resist disease and aberrations resulting in immune disorders. prereq: department consent
BIOL 3502 - General Microbiology
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies: BIOL 3502/4503/FST 4168
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
Morphology of microorganisms; growth; environmental and physiological types; physical and chemical control; taxonomy; viruses; genetics of bacteria; practical applications, including medical, water, soil, and food microbiology. (2 hrs lect, 4 hrs lab) prereq: BIOL 2201 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 3601 - Plant Diversity
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Evolutionary survey of plants, focusing on diversity of life histories and patterns of organization. Fossil and extant groups, including algae, fungi and nonvascular and vascular land plants. (2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab, field trip) prereq: 1012
BIOL 3603 - Plant Taxonomy
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Introduction to taxonomy of vascular plants, emphasizing seed plants; representative families; terminology; literature; use of keys. (2 hrs lect, 2 hrs lab) prereq: 1012
BIOL 3701 - Animal Diversity
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Survey of major animal phyla, focusing on phylogeny, anatomy, physiology, and ontogeny. (2 hrs lect, 4 hrs lab) prereq: 1012
BIOL 4731 - Entomology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
Structure, life history, ecology, classification, evolution, principles of control, and significance of insects in our society. Field collections. (2 hrs lect, 3 hrs lab and field) prereq: 1012 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 4761 - Ichthyology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
Physiologic, taxonomic, ecologic, economic, and behavioral aspects of fishes. Lab emphasis on fishes of Great Lakes region, including field conducted independent study. (2 hrs lect, 3 hrs lab, field) prereq: 2801 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 4763 - Ornithology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
Lab and field identification of birds, their migration and habitats; biological, taxonomic, and economic considerations. (2 hours lecture, 2 hours lab and field) prereq: 2801 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 4764 - Mammalogy
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall
Origin, taxonomy, distribution, physiology, ecology and behavior of mammals. Laboratory and fieldwork includes collection, preparation and identification of Minnesota species. (2 hrs lecture, 3 hours lab, field) prereq: 2801 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 5515 - Microbial Diversity and Phylogeny
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F only
Typically offered: Periodic Fall
Evolutionary survey and characteristics of microorganisms focusing on autotrophic and heterotrophic prokaryotes from various habitats. Isolation, examination, and identification of bacteria from field collections using microscopic, physiological, biochemical, molecular, phylogenetic, and computer database techniques. (2 hours lecture and 2 hours lab) prereq: 2101 or 3100 oe 3502 or 4501 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 3401 - Evolution
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Origin, history, opposition, and evidence supporting evolutionary ideas. Basic concepts: origin of life, phylogeny, biological history, mechanisms of evolutionary change, population genetics, speciation, tempo of evolution, macroevolution, extinction, biogeography, evolution of social systems, altruism. (3 hours lecture) prereq: A grade of C- or better in all of the following Biology courses 1011, 1012, 2201 or IBS Grad student; credit will not be granted if already received for 3802, 4801 or 4802
BIOL 3760 - Marine Biology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Spring Even Year
A multidisciplinary approach will be used to explore the diverse ecosystems of the marine realm. Emphasis will be on the ecological and physiological adaptations that have allowed animals to colonize habitats ranging from the intertidal zone to the abyss. prereq: 1011, 1012
BIOL 3761 - Field Studies in Marine Biology
Credits: 4.0 [max 8.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Summer
Introduction to the marine environment by visiting either US i.e. Friday Harbor, WAS or MBL, Woods Hole, MA) or International (i.e. Leigh, New Zealand) marine lab and conducting both laboratory and field research. Topics include ecology, animal physiology, animal behavior, ichthyology and fisheries biology. Lectures will precede daily field trips where students will make in situ measurements and/or bring specimens back to the laboratory for study. prereq: 1011 or instructor consent; Course may only be repeated if location is different.
BIOL 3835 - Freshwater Ecology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Spring Even Year
Exploration of freshwater habitats and their biological diversity with emphasis on how human behavior is affecting those habitats and biodiversity. prereq: 2801 or concurrent
BIOL 4818 - Biotic Response to Climate Change
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
Many species are already responding to climate change, as evidenced by earlier budburst, flowering, and arrival of insect and bird pollinators. In only a few cases can we distinguish between phenotypic responses to longer growing seasons and warmer temperatures (plasticity) and evolutionary change in response to altered patterns of natural selection. Climate change will pose strong evolutionary challenges to native populations. In this course we will explore the fundamental response of the biota to these changes" extinction, migration, and adaptation. prereq: Biol 2201, no grad credit
BIOL 4839 - Coral Reef Field Studies (GLOBAL PER)
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies: BIOL 4839/EES 4839/FST 4839
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
Field study on San Salvador, Bahamas focusing on the biological and geological studies of the coral reef complex and associated habitats of the Caribbean. We will examine the ecology and taxonomy of associated biota as well as the physical, chemical and sedimentary processes in coral reef environments. prereq: BIOL 1011 and 1012 or GEOL or EES 1110 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 4850 - Food and Humans
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Fall Odd Year
In this course we will examine the evolutionary genetics underlying the process of plant and animal domestication, and the evolution of weeds and insect pests in the new environment provided by human-initiated agriculture. Classical readings on the origin of agriculture and agricultural pests (weeds and insects) and the latest findings in this constantly changing field will be examined. Students will learn key concepts regarding the response of plants and animals to natural and artificial selection, and the application of population genetics, phylogenetics, quantitative genetics, and genetic mapping to major questions in agricultural genetics. Past and current challenges in agricultural productivity and sustainability will be addressed throughout the course. prereq: 2201, 3401 or IBS graduate student
BIOL 4891 - Animal Behavior
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall
Known behavior of various vertebrate and invertebrate phyla, emphasizing adaptive significance and the genetics and ontogeny of behavioral patterns. Mating, aggressive, nutritive, and nurturing behavior and relation to ecology of animal populations. (2 hrs lect) prereq: BIOL 2410 or 2801 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 4992 - Senior Seminar: Classic Readings in Natural History
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Grading Basis: S-N or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Readings and discussion of the classics of natural history writing from authors such as Charles Darwin, Charles Lyell, John Wesley Powell, Peter Freuchen, Rachel Carson, Paul Errington, and E.O. Wilson, among others. prereq: Seniors who have declared a natural history minor, no grad credit
BIOL 5240 - Ecological Genetics
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
Examines basic concepts in population and quantitative genetics. Focus is on techniques that reveal the genetic structure and adaptive value of ecologically important traits. This course has two 50 minute lectures and one 2-hour laboratory per week. prereq: 1012, 2201, Stat 1411 or IBS grad student
BIOL 5801 - Microbial Ecology
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
Microorganisms in natural environments: diversity, distribution, energetics, and growth of heterotrophic and autotrophic microbes in oxic and anoxic habitats. Roles of microbial populations and communities in biogeochemical cycling, ecosystem functioning, landscapes, and industrial, agricultural, and environmental applications. prereq: (2101 or 3100) and (2801 or 3502 or 4501), or WRS or IBS Grad student
BIOL 5805 - Fisheries Ecology and Management
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
Lectures, readings and computer exercises relating to current issues in fisheries ecology. Computer exercises will emphasize techniques used by scientists working in the field and prepare the student for the use of quantitative research tools for independent research. Includes 2 one-hour lectures and 1 three-hour lab weekly. prereq: 2801, 2802, college-level course in statistics or WRS or IBS Grad student
BIOL 5833 - Stream Ecology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Fall Even Year
Studies of stream communities and ecosystems as influenced by biological interactions and physical factors. Emphasis on North Shore streams. (2 hrs lect, 6 hrs lab and field) prereq: 2801 or WRS or IBS Grad student
BIOL 5861 - Lake Ecology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
This course offers a hands-on introduction to the ecology of lake ecosystems with a focus on lakes of the temperate and boreal regions, particularly Minnesota. We explore how factors including temperature, light, water chemistry, water motion, nutrients, and organisms interact in aquatic environments to determine the distribution, abundance, and behavior of aquatic biota. Laboratory exercises reinforce and expand on lecture materials and include the identification of fish, zooplankton, benthos, and phytoplankton as well as field excursions to area lakes. prereq: WRS or IBS Grad student
BIOL 5865 - Conservation Biology
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
Introduction to science of species, habitat, and ecosystem conservation and management. prereq: 2801 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 5870 - Wetland Ecology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Fall Odd Year
Hydrology, nutrient cycling, and productivity of wetland ecosystems and the adaptations and interactions of resident biota; assessment, management, conservation, restoration, and creation of wetlands. Two daylong weekend field trips required. prereq: 2801, 2802 or WRS or IBS Grad student
BIOL 2102 - Cell Biology Laboratory
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Writing intensive course using contemporary cell biology research techniques, hypothesis testing and communication of results. prereq: A grade of C- or better in both 1011 and 1012 or 1013, concurrent registration is allowed for 3100 or 2110
BIOL 2202 - Genetics Laboratory
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F only
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Writing intensive course that uses an array of experimental approaches to gain understanding of the principles of genetics. prereq: A grade of C- or better in 1011, 1012 and 2201 (concurrent registration is allowed for 2201)
BIOL 2802 - Ecology Laboratory
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Writing-intensive course that introduces sampling, data analysis and interpretation, hypothesis testing, ethical considerations in scientific practice. Includes field studies (4 hrs lab) prereq: A grade of C- or better in 1011, 1012 and 2801, concurrent enrollment is allowed in 2801.
BIOL 3993 - Laboratory Teaching Experience
Credits: 1.0 -2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: S-N or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Participation in teaching biology lab courses: help set up labs, participate in teaching of labs, and share in instruction of review labs. prereq: instructor consent required, biol or cell biol major, 90 cr incl 25 cr Biol; max 2 cr may be applied toward Biol major
BIOL 3994 - Undergraduate Research
Credits: 1.0 -3.0 [max 6.0]
Grading Basis: S-N or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Advanced independent work in special fields. prereq: A grade of C or better in both 1011 and 1012, 60 cr, department consent required; max 4 cr may be applied to biol or cell biol major as upper div elective
BIOL 3996 - Internship in Biology
Credits: 1.0 -2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: S-N or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Credit given for professional work experience outside an academic department. Requires prior department approval and coordination with faculty sponsor. prereq: A grade of C- or better in both 1011 and 1012, department consent required; max 1 cr may be applied to biol or cell biol major
BIOL 5001 - Teaching and Learning in the Life Sciences
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Grading Basis: S-N only
Typically offered: Every Spring
Exploration of learning theory and educational practices designed to help develop skills in the classroom. Topics will include: learning styles, classroom management, assessment, active and cooperative learning, and educational technology. prereq: grad student or prior teaching experience; instructor consent
ANTH 1602 - Biological Anthropology and Archaeology (LE CAT, SOC SCI)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies: Anth 1601/1602
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Origin and development of extinct and living human forms, primatology, human biological variations, the race concept, evolution, and development of human societies up to the earliest stages of ancient civilizations.
ECON 1003 - Economics and Society (LE CAT, SOC SCI)
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
General description of U.S. economy and analysis of contemporary economic problems. Introduction to major economic issues and problems of the day, providing a simple framework used by economists for analysis. prereq: Cannot apply credit to economics major or minor or BAc or BBA majors
HIST 2350 - Hunting and Gathering and the History of American Health (HUMANITIES, SUSTAIN)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
This course is unique in its joint appeal to students of history and student of biology, as well students from other related fields in the humanities and the sciences. Students will be exposed to cutting-edge research linking the study of early American history, American Indian history, the history of American ecology, modern nutritional science, and the development of immunity to disease. Students will be required to understand the ways in which published scientific data and research can inform historical case studies of the encounter between colonial Americans, American Indians, and European from the fifteenth century to the twentieth century and vice versa. Students will be introduced to contemporary debates on the relationship between nutritional science and human immunity, using the to understand the history of colonial American and American Indian health, farming, hunting, and ecology following European contact. These histories, in turn, will illuminate their reading of scientific papers and research.
MGTS 1101 - Introduction to Business (LE CAT8)
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
Introduction to context, environment, and operation of business and organizations. Study of foundations and functional areas of business and entrepreneurship. Analysis of technological, ethical, diversity, and global issues from business and organizational perspectives.
PHIL 1003 - Ethics and Society (LE CAT8, LEIP CAT08, HUMANITIES, CDIVERSITY)
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Classic theories addressing questions of whether morality is subjective or objective, cultural relativism versus universal rules, how right and wrong should be determined. Moral issues such as euthanasia, the environment, population and birth control, nuclear deterrence, alternative life styles, and capital punishment in their international dimension. prereq: credit will not be granted if already received for CLA 1101
PSY 1003 - General Psychology (LE CAT, SOC SCI)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Scientific study of behavior; current knowledge of biological, social, and cognitive areas of psychology. Assessment, research methods, human development, personality, mental disorders, and therapy.
PSY 2021 - Developmental Psychology (LE CAT, LECD C, SOC SCI, CDIVERSITY)
Credits: 3.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Major processes in human development, conception through lifespan; biological and cultural influences on physical-motor, cognitive, social, and emotional development; effects of diverse cultural traditions and values; social policy implications.
PSY 3121 - Abnormal Psychology
Credits: 3.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Mental disorders, including DSM-5 classification system, etiology, and treatment. prereq: 1003 or instructor consent
SOC 1101 - Introduction to Sociology (LE CAT, LECD C, SOC SCI, CDIVERSITY)
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
This course will help students develop a 'sociological imagination' - that is, an understanding of the relationship between the individual and the wider society. Students are introduced to the discipline of sociology, which is the systematic study of social interaction, social organization, social institutions, and social change. The course covers the main concepts, theories, and methods of sociology that are used to explore everything from daily interactions to widespread social problems.
BIOL 2110 - Cell and Molecular Biology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Introduction to the basic principles of the structure and function of cells including protein and nucleic acids, and the molecular basis of gene expression including transcription, translation and regulation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. pre-req: BIOL 2201 with a grade of C- or better; credit will not be granted if already received for BIOL 2101 or 3100.
BIOL 3100 - Cell Biology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Topics include membranes and membrane trafficking, cytoskeleton, signal transduction, cell cycle regulation and experimental methods used in cell studies. Examples will come from all phyla of life. (3 hrs lect) pre-req: A grade of C- or better in BIOL 1011 or 1013, 2201, CHEM 1152 or 1162 or 1155 and 1156 or 1175 and 1176; may be taken without lab BIOL 2102; credit will not be granted if already received for BIOL 2101
BIOL 2102 - Cell Biology Laboratory
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Writing intensive course using contemporary cell biology research techniques, hypothesis testing and communication of results. prereq: A grade of C- or better in both 1011 and 1012 or 1013, concurrent registration is allowed for 3100 or 2110
BIOL 2202 - Genetics Laboratory
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F only
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Writing intensive course that uses an array of experimental approaches to gain understanding of the principles of genetics. prereq: A grade of C- or better in 1011, 1012 and 2201 (concurrent registration is allowed for 2201)
BIOL 2802 - Ecology Laboratory
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Writing-intensive course that introduces sampling, data analysis and interpretation, hypothesis testing, ethical considerations in scientific practice. Includes field studies (4 hrs lab) prereq: A grade of C- or better in 1011, 1012 and 2801, concurrent enrollment is allowed in 2801.
BIOL 3703 - Animal Physiology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Examination of principles, patterns, and mechanisms of biological function from the level of cells and tissues to the whole animal. Primary focus on comparative vertebrate physiology. (2 hours lecture, 2 hours lab) prereq: 1011, 1012, one semester college chemistry
BIOL 3771 - Human Anatomy
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Human anatomical form and function. Lectures cover the structure and function of the major body systems. Topics include tissue types, organs, and organ systems, including the integumentary, skeletal, articular, muscular, nervous, respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, urinary and reproductive systems in the context of the science of biology. The lecture material is reinforced through observations of microscope slides, anatomical models and charts, and the dissection of a cat and sheep organs and observations of human cadavers. Suitable for biology majors/minors and pre-professional students interested in entering health related professions. Provides (2hrs lect, 4hrs lab). prereq: 1011, 1012; credit will not be granted if already received for 1761 or 2769
BIOL 3772 - Human Physiology
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Integrative study of major human organ systems including cardiovascular, muscle, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal physiology and quantitative aspects of physiology. Examination of principles, patterns, and mechanisms regulating and maintaining homeostasis in normal human physiological processes from the level of cells and tissues to the whole animal. Suitable for biology majors and pre-profesional students interested in entering health related professions. (3 hrs lecture, 3 hrs lab) pre-req: C- or better in BIOL 3771 or 2769, CHEM 1114 or 1155 or 1175 or equivalent full year of college chemistry, MATH 1250 or above.
BIOL 4604 - Plant Physiology
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Mechanisms underlying plant function, growth and development: metabolism, water relations, mineral nutrition, transport, internal and external regulators of growth and development, stress physiology, biotechnology. Lab exercises evaluate physiological processes that enable plants to grow under varied conditions found in nature, such as water relations, mineral nutrition, metabolism, growth and development. prereq: 2201 and 1 year college chemistry or IBS grad student
BIOL 5772 - Neural Systems and Behavior
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
Review of the basic neurophysiological components of animal behavior. Emphasis will be on well-studied neuroethological models such as weakly electric fish, bats, owls and crayfish. prereq: 1012, 3703 or IBS Grad student or instructor consent
BIOL 3512 - Biology of HIV and AIDS
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Summer
A comprehensive overview of the current AIDS pandemic ranging from molecular and biomedical aspects to societal and psychological aspects. Molecular biology of HIV, the immune system's response, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and social implications will be discussed. prereq: 1012; credit will not be granted if already received for BIOL 2512
BIOL 3100 - Cell Biology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Topics include membranes and membrane trafficking, cytoskeleton, signal transduction, cell cycle regulation and experimental methods used in cell studies. Examples will come from all phyla of life. (3 hrs lect) pre-req: A grade of C- or better in BIOL 1011 or 1013, 2201, CHEM 1152 or 1162 or 1155 and 1156 or 1175 and 1176; may be taken without lab BIOL 2102; credit will not be granted if already received for BIOL 2101
BIOL 3101 - Molecular Biology of Cancer
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Summer
Overview of mechanisms underlying the development of human cancer. Topics include intracellular signaling systems including oncogenes and tumor suppressors, cell cycle, tumorigenesis, multi-step carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis and genetic instability in cancer. The detection and modern treatment of cancer will also be discussed. prereq: 2101 or 2110 or 3100
BIOL 3102 - Cell Biology of Human Disease
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Summer Even Year
Topics in human cellular biology as related to human diseases. A focus on learning to read primary literature and critically analyze and communicate scientific ideas. prereq: 2101 or 2110 or 3100
BIOL 3301 - Patterning the Embryo
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Important topics in developmental biology from the historical literature up to recent presentations with focus on learning how to read and critically analyze primary literature, and how to communicate ideas in written and oral scientific presentations. prereq: 1011, 1012, Min 60 cr
BIOL 4199 - Frontiers in Cell Biology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Fall Odd Year
Analysis and discussion of current literature and topics. prereq: 2201 and 3100; credit will not be granted if already received for 5199
BIOL 4361 - Developmental Biology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of development, emphasizing animal systems and including cell cycle, gametogenesis, fertilization, morphogenetic movements, differentiation of cell types, cell-cell interactions, pattern formation, gene expression, organogenesis, metamorphosis, regeneration, and aging. (2 hrs lect, 3 hrs lab) prereq: 2201 and (2101 or 2110 or 3100) or IBS Grad student; credit will not be granted if already received for 5361
BIOL 4511 - Medical Microbiology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Overview of the dynamic relationships between human hosts and pathogenic microbes. Topics include the human immune system, antimicrobial therapy, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and pathogenic eukaryotic species. prereq: 3502 or 4501
BIOL 4232 - Molecular Biology Laboratory
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Regulation of gene expression in prokaryote and eukaryotes explored through use of recombinant DNA technologies. prereq: 4231 or 4231 (concurrent enrollment is allowed), CHEM 3322 or Biochemistry and Molecular Biology or IBS Grad student; credit will not be granted if already received for 5232
BMS 5545 - Immunology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
The immune system including the cells and molecules which work cooperatively to resist disease and aberrations resulting in immune disorders. prereq: department consent
BIOL 3502 - General Microbiology
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies: BIOL 3502/4503/FST 4168
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
Morphology of microorganisms; growth; environmental and physiological types; physical and chemical control; taxonomy; viruses; genetics of bacteria; practical applications, including medical, water, soil, and food microbiology. (2 hrs lect, 4 hrs lab) prereq: BIOL 2201 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 3601 - Plant Diversity
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Evolutionary survey of plants, focusing on diversity of life histories and patterns of organization. Fossil and extant groups, including algae, fungi and nonvascular and vascular land plants. (2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab, field trip) prereq: 1012
BIOL 3603 - Plant Taxonomy
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Introduction to taxonomy of vascular plants, emphasizing seed plants; representative families; terminology; literature; use of keys. (2 hrs lect, 2 hrs lab) prereq: 1012
BIOL 3701 - Animal Diversity
Credits: 4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Survey of major animal phyla, focusing on phylogeny, anatomy, physiology, and ontogeny. (2 hrs lect, 4 hrs lab) prereq: 1012
BIOL 4731 - Entomology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
Structure, life history, ecology, classification, evolution, principles of control, and significance of insects in our society. Field collections. (2 hrs lect, 3 hrs lab and field) prereq: 1012 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 4761 - Ichthyology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
Physiologic, taxonomic, ecologic, economic, and behavioral aspects of fishes. Lab emphasis on fishes of Great Lakes region, including field conducted independent study. (2 hrs lect, 3 hrs lab, field) prereq: 2801 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 4763 - Ornithology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
Lab and field identification of birds, their migration and habitats; biological, taxonomic, and economic considerations. (2 hours lecture, 2 hours lab and field) prereq: 2801 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 4764 - Mammalogy
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall
Origin, taxonomy, distribution, physiology, ecology and behavior of mammals. Laboratory and fieldwork includes collection, preparation and identification of Minnesota species. (2 hrs lecture, 3 hours lab, field) prereq: 2801 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 5515 - Microbial Diversity and Phylogeny
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F only
Typically offered: Periodic Fall
Evolutionary survey and characteristics of microorganisms focusing on autotrophic and heterotrophic prokaryotes from various habitats. Isolation, examination, and identification of bacteria from field collections using microscopic, physiological, biochemical, molecular, phylogenetic, and computer database techniques. (2 hours lecture and 2 hours lab) prereq: 2101 or 3100 oe 3502 or 4501 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 3760 - Marine Biology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Spring Even Year
A multidisciplinary approach will be used to explore the diverse ecosystems of the marine realm. Emphasis will be on the ecological and physiological adaptations that have allowed animals to colonize habitats ranging from the intertidal zone to the abyss. prereq: 1011, 1012
BIOL 3761 - Field Studies in Marine Biology
Credits: 4.0 [max 8.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Summer
Introduction to the marine environment by visiting either US i.e. Friday Harbor, WAS or MBL, Woods Hole, MA) or International (i.e. Leigh, New Zealand) marine lab and conducting both laboratory and field research. Topics include ecology, animal physiology, animal behavior, ichthyology and fisheries biology. Lectures will precede daily field trips where students will make in situ measurements and/or bring specimens back to the laboratory for study. prereq: 1011 or instructor consent; Course may only be repeated if location is different.
BIOL 3401 - Evolution
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Origin, history, opposition, and evidence supporting evolutionary ideas. Basic concepts: origin of life, phylogeny, biological history, mechanisms of evolutionary change, population genetics, speciation, tempo of evolution, macroevolution, extinction, biogeography, evolution of social systems, altruism. (3 hours lecture) prereq: A grade of C- or better in all of the following Biology courses 1011, 1012, 2201 or IBS Grad student; credit will not be granted if already received for 3802, 4801 or 4802
BIOL 3835 - Freshwater Ecology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Spring Even Year
Exploration of freshwater habitats and their biological diversity with emphasis on how human behavior is affecting those habitats and biodiversity. prereq: 2801 or concurrent
BIOL 4818 - Biotic Response to Climate Change
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
Many species are already responding to climate change, as evidenced by earlier budburst, flowering, and arrival of insect and bird pollinators. In only a few cases can we distinguish between phenotypic responses to longer growing seasons and warmer temperatures (plasticity) and evolutionary change in response to altered patterns of natural selection. Climate change will pose strong evolutionary challenges to native populations. In this course we will explore the fundamental response of the biota to these changes" extinction, migration, and adaptation. prereq: Biol 2201, no grad credit
BIOL 4839 - Coral Reef Field Studies (GLOBAL PER)
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies: BIOL 4839/EES 4839/FST 4839
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
Field study on San Salvador, Bahamas focusing on the biological and geological studies of the coral reef complex and associated habitats of the Caribbean. We will examine the ecology and taxonomy of associated biota as well as the physical, chemical and sedimentary processes in coral reef environments. prereq: BIOL 1011 and 1012 or GEOL or EES 1110 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 4850 - Food and Humans
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Fall Odd Year
In this course we will examine the evolutionary genetics underlying the process of plant and animal domestication, and the evolution of weeds and insect pests in the new environment provided by human-initiated agriculture. Classical readings on the origin of agriculture and agricultural pests (weeds and insects) and the latest findings in this constantly changing field will be examined. Students will learn key concepts regarding the response of plants and animals to natural and artificial selection, and the application of population genetics, phylogenetics, quantitative genetics, and genetic mapping to major questions in agricultural genetics. Past and current challenges in agricultural productivity and sustainability will be addressed throughout the course. prereq: 2201, 3401 or IBS graduate student
BIOL 4891 - Animal Behavior
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall
Known behavior of various vertebrate and invertebrate phyla, emphasizing adaptive significance and the genetics and ontogeny of behavioral patterns. Mating, aggressive, nutritive, and nurturing behavior and relation to ecology of animal populations. (2 hrs lect) prereq: BIOL 2410 or 2801 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 4992 - Senior Seminar: Classic Readings in Natural History
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Grading Basis: S-N or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Readings and discussion of the classics of natural history writing from authors such as Charles Darwin, Charles Lyell, John Wesley Powell, Peter Freuchen, Rachel Carson, Paul Errington, and E.O. Wilson, among others. prereq: Seniors who have declared a natural history minor, no grad credit
BIOL 5240 - Ecological Genetics
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
Examines basic concepts in population and quantitative genetics. Focus is on techniques that reveal the genetic structure and adaptive value of ecologically important traits. This course has two 50 minute lectures and one 2-hour laboratory per week. prereq: 1012, 2201, Stat 1411 or IBS grad student
BIOL 5801 - Microbial Ecology
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
Microorganisms in natural environments: diversity, distribution, energetics, and growth of heterotrophic and autotrophic microbes in oxic and anoxic habitats. Roles of microbial populations and communities in biogeochemical cycling, ecosystem functioning, landscapes, and industrial, agricultural, and environmental applications. prereq: (2101 or 3100) and (2801 or 3502 or 4501), or WRS or IBS Grad student
BIOL 5805 - Fisheries Ecology and Management
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Fall & Spring
Lectures, readings and computer exercises relating to current issues in fisheries ecology. Computer exercises will emphasize techniques used by scientists working in the field and prepare the student for the use of quantitative research tools for independent research. Includes 2 one-hour lectures and 1 three-hour lab weekly. prereq: 2801, 2802, college-level course in statistics or WRS or IBS Grad student
BIOL 5833 - Stream Ecology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Fall Even Year
Studies of stream communities and ecosystems as influenced by biological interactions and physical factors. Emphasis on North Shore streams. (2 hrs lect, 6 hrs lab and field) prereq: 2801 or WRS or IBS Grad student
BIOL 5861 - Lake Ecology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
This course offers a hands-on introduction to the ecology of lake ecosystems with a focus on lakes of the temperate and boreal regions, particularly Minnesota. We explore how factors including temperature, light, water chemistry, water motion, nutrients, and organisms interact in aquatic environments to determine the distribution, abundance, and behavior of aquatic biota. Laboratory exercises reinforce and expand on lecture materials and include the identification of fish, zooplankton, benthos, and phytoplankton as well as field excursions to area lakes. prereq: WRS or IBS Grad student
BIOL 5865 - Conservation Biology
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Periodic Spring
Introduction to science of species, habitat, and ecosystem conservation and management. prereq: 2801 or IBS Grad student
BIOL 5870 - Wetland Ecology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Fall Odd Year
Hydrology, nutrient cycling, and productivity of wetland ecosystems and the adaptations and interactions of resident biota; assessment, management, conservation, restoration, and creation of wetlands. Two daylong weekend field trips required. prereq: 2801, 2802 or WRS or IBS Grad student
BIOL 2102 - Cell Biology Laboratory
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Spring
Writing intensive course using contemporary cell biology research techniques, hypothesis testing and communication of results. prereq: A grade of C- or better in both 1011 and 1012 or 1013, concurrent registration is allowed for 3100 or 2110
BIOL 2202 - Genetics Laboratory
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F only
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Writing intensive course that uses an array of experimental approaches to gain understanding of the principles of genetics. prereq: A grade of C- or better in 1011, 1012 and 2201 (concurrent registration is allowed for 2201)
BIOL 2801 - General Ecology
Credits: 3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall & Spring
Relationships between life and environment for individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems; surveys of environmental factors and biomes. May be taken without lab 2802. (3 hrs lect) prereq: A grade of C- or better in both 1011 and 1012; may be taken without lab BIOL 2802
BIOL 2802 - Ecology Laboratory
Credits: 2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: A-F or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall
Writing-intensive course that introduces sampling, data analysis and interpretation, hypothesis testing, ethical considerations in scientific practice. Includes field studies (4 hrs lab) prereq: A grade of C- or better in 1011, 1012 and 2801, concurrent enrollment is allowed in 2801.
BIOL 3993 - Laboratory Teaching Experience
Credits: 1.0 -2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: S-N or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Participation in teaching biology lab courses: help set up labs, participate in teaching of labs, and share in instruction of review labs. prereq: instructor consent required, biol or cell biol major, 90 cr incl 25 cr Biol; max 2 cr may be applied toward Biol major
BIOL 3994 - Undergraduate Research
Credits: 1.0 -3.0 [max 6.0]
Grading Basis: S-N or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Advanced independent work in special fields. prereq: A grade of C or better in both 1011 and 1012, 60 cr, department consent required; max 4 cr may be applied to biol or cell biol major as upper div elective
BIOL 3996 - Internship in Biology
Credits: 1.0 -2.0 [max 2.0]
Grading Basis: S-N or Aud
Typically offered: Every Fall, Spring & Summer
Credit given for professional work experience outside an academic department. Requires prior department approval and coordination with faculty sponsor. prereq: A grade of C- or better in both 1011 and 1012, department consent required; max 1 cr may be applied to biol or cell biol major
BIOL 5001 - Teaching and Learning in the Life Sciences
Credits: 1.0 [max 1.0]
Grading Basis: S-N only
Typically offered: Every Spring
Exploration of learning theory and educational practices designed to help develop skills in the classroom. Topics will include: learning styles, classroom management, assessment, active and cooperative learning, and educational technology. prereq: grad student or prior teaching experience; instructor consent