Program Details : University Catalogs : University of Minnesota

GEOG 1301W - Our Globalizing World (SOCS, GP, WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 1301W/Geog 1301V
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Introduction to geographical understandings of globalization and of connections/differences between places.

GEOG 3341 - Black Geographies

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Afro 3341/Geog 3341
Typically offered:	Every Fall

This course will engage the sub-discipline of Black Geographies by looking at Geographical literature on the question of Blackness as well as case studies on the ways in which Afro-descendant populations make place. Course readings and films will attend to Blackness as it manifests across the African Diaspora, with specific focus on the Americas. We will discuss the experiences and struggles of enslaved Africans in the Americas, struggles against slavery, the ways in which we can understand histories of Blackness, and different forms of struggle employed by Afro-descendant populations today. At the end of the semester students will have a solid grounding in the literature around Black Geographies, as well as a nuanced understanding of the different ways in which Black populations analyze and create space.

GEOG 3371W - Cities, Citizens, and Communities (DSJ, WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Introduction to cities and suburbs as unique crossroads of cultural, social, and political processes. Competing/conflicting visions of city life, cultural diversity, and justice. Focuses on the American city.

GEOG 3373 - Changing Form of the City (HIS, GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Urban origins, ancient cultures/cities, the medieval city, rediscovery of planning, colonial cities. Industrialization and urban expansion. Speculative cities, utopian cities, planning triumphs/disasters. Cities as reflections of society, culture, the past.

GEOG 3381W - Population in an Interacting World (SOCS, GP, WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3381W/GLOS 3701W
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Comparative analysis and explanation of trends in fertility, mortality, internal and international migration in different parts of the world; world population problems; population policies; theories of population growth; impact of population growth on food supply and the environment.

GEOG 1973 - Geography of the Twin Cities (SOCS)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 1973/3973
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

The University of Minnesota sits in the middle of a fascinating city, and in this class you will explore parts of that city in-depth. You will learn about the human geography of the Twin Cities, how they have developed in the past, and how they are changing. You will examine the settlement, economic change, social practices, and political events that have shaped the Twin Cities, learning how to look at this place through multiple and contesting perspectives. Through a combination of in-depth field work, applied research, readings, and discussion, you will learn about urban concepts like immigration, Native populations, poverty, homelessness, segregation, redlining, suburbanization, shifts in retail and jobs, zoning, transit, metropolitan governance, urban renewal, and more. The goal is to foster your critical reflection on important, contemporary challenges facing our metropolitan region, and develop a new way to look at your present home.

GEOG 3973 - Geography of the Twin Cities (SOCS)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 1973/3973
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

The University of Minnesota sits in the middle of a fascinating city, and in this class you will explore parts of that city in-depth. You will learn about the human geography of the Twin Cities, how they have developed in the past, and how they are changing. You will examine the settlement, economic change, social practices, and political events that have shaped the Twin Cities, learning how to look at this place through multiple and contesting perspectives. Through a combination of in-depth field work, applied research, readings, and discussion, you will learn about urban concepts like immigration, Native populations, poverty, homelessness, segregation, redlining, suburbanization, shifts in retail and jobs, zoning, transit, metropolitan governance, urban renewal, and more. The goal is to foster your critical reflection on important, contemporary challenges facing our metropolitan region, and develop a new way to look at your present home.

GEOG 3331 - Geography of the World Economy (SOCS, GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3331/GloS 3231
Typically offered:	Every Fall

An invisible, not-quite-dead, not-quite-alive entity?the coronavirus?forced us, rudely and tragically, to reckon with space. As we try and maintain social distance from other bodies, wear masks to disrupt the virus? pathways of diffusion, confront shortages in grocery stores, home supply outlets, and car dealerships, adjust to interruptions in many services, and either choose to, or are forced to stay at home, in our cities, in our countries, we are thinking and acting spatially. And we are reminded that ?stuff??food, medicines, toilet paper?reaches us often through geographically extensive and logistically intricate webs of economic production and distribution. We will learn what it means to think geographically about the capitalist economy as a spatial, relational formation. In doing so, we will challenge dominant ways of understanding and analyzing the economy, and of what counts as economic. We will also examine two simultaneous aspects of the world economy?fixity and flow. On the one hand, the economy propels and is propelled by flows?of goods, of services, of people, of labor, and of finance. On the other hand, physical infrastructures are rooted in place on the earth. After all, even the digital worlds of Facebook, Google, and Amazon are enabled by vast server farms. The course will also highlight the production and proliferation of inequalities?between social groups, states, countries, and regions?in and by the world economy. In fact, we will ask: Is economic unevenness a mere byproduct of capitalist economic growth, or the condition of possibility for it? Finally, we will discuss the relationships between global phenomena and local events. Crises like global climate change, overflows of waste matter, COVID19, and the 2008 financial meltdown make it clear that the global and the local are intimately entangled. Not only do global events impact individual livelihoods, including yours and mine, but economic jitters in one place can escalate, sending shockwaves across the world.

GLOS 3231 - Geography of the World Economy (SOCS, GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3331/GloS 3231
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Geographical distribution of resources affecting development. Location of agriculture, industry, services. Agglomeration of economic activities, urbanization, regional growth. International trade. Changing global development inequalities. Impact on nations, regions, cities.

GEOG 3379 - Environment and Development in the Third World (SOCS, ENV)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3379/GloS 3303
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Inequality in the form of extreme wealth and poverty in our world are major causes of environmental degradation. In addition, development failure as well as certain forms of economic growth always led to environment disasters. This course examines how our world?s economic and political systems and the livelihoods they engender have produced catastrophic local and global environmental conditions. Beyond this, the course explores alternative approaches of achieving sustainable environment and equitable development. prereq: Soph or jr or sr

GEOG 3401W - Geography of Environmental Systems and Global Change (ENV, WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3401W/5401W
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Geographic patterns, dynamics, and interactions of atmospheric, hydrospheric, geomorphic, pedologic, and biologic systems as context for human population, development, and resource use patterns.

GEOG 3421 - Climatology

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

This is a course on general climatology and the physical fundamentals of climate change that are most relevant to biophysical and socio-environmental processes. It is geared towards students in geography, environmental science, and the liberal arts and humanities who need a foundational understanding of climatology to grapple with social and biophysical dimensions of climate change. In a conceptual but not heavily quantitative framework, course activities (readings, discussion, lectures, computer labs), the course provides a broad-level overview of the physical processes that underlie Earth's climate system and lead to climate variations at global, regional, and local scales, as well as a survey of contemporary topics in climate change science. Course themes include: Earth's atmosphere and ocean; global energy and water balances; general and secondary circulation; controls on regional climate; climate data collection and interpretation; coupled modes of climate variability and related teleconnections; paleoclimatology; climate change; extreme events; climate modeling frameworks; observed and anticipated climate change impacts.

GEOG 3431 - Plant and Animal Geography

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3431/5431
Typically offered:	Periodic Fall & Spring

The landscape is shaped by complex interactions among plants, animals, and the physical environment. Where, when, and why different organisms live and interact where they do is influenced by myriad interacting forces. This course aims to provide an opportunity to investigate some specific patterns on the landscape by examining changes over time and space, and among communities comprised of multiple species assemblages. In this course, we will explore a variety of topics, depending on student interests and skills, that relate to biogeography and interactions among the landscape and people. We will examine the different factors that influence population change and examine species interactions, including concepts of keystone species, disturbance/landscape ecology, and species conservation approaches. Principally, we will complete readings and activities that touch on emerging issues in biogeography such as pathways to improving public land management, the incorporation of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) into ecological restoration plans, wilderness and federal lands policy, and the increasing challenge of invasive species.

GEOG 3839 - Introduction to Dendrochronology

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3839/Geog 5839
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Examination of past landscape histories are critical for assessing how environments change and identifying causal mechanisms. Tree-rings, the annual growth rings formed by trees growing in temperate regions, are an instrumental tool for elucidating changes over time. As biological entities, tree-rings are recorders of changes in their surroundings. The application of tree-rings to understand environmental change is called dendrochronology. Dendrochronology has played an important role in understanding past climates, disturbance regimes, and the history of Indigenous peoples (to name just a few applications). Its use has been critical to understanding pressing environmental issues such as 20th century global warming, the impacts of fire suppression on forested landscapes, the loss of the Black Forest in Europe (pollution), and the use/abandonment of archaeological sites (the Anasazi and Ojibwe). It is an exceedingly interesting analytical tool that has unique applications, but it isn?t as simple as counting the rings of trees to determine an age. In this course we will focus on the biology, theoretical principles, and operational techniques of dendrochronology and apply this knowledge toward understanding forest change. By the end of the course students will be able to conduct basic dendrochronological research and appreciate the advantages and limitations of this important tool. My aim is to expose you to the foundational science behind the field, provide you with some simple tools, and introduce you to the variety of applications to which tree-ring analysis can be applied by doing some dendrochronological research. We will apply the tools of dendrochronology toward understanding forest dynamics in a specific landscape to examine fire and tree growth patterns and the influence of climate and people on the forested environment. This course will be a mixture of lecture and hands-on data analysis. The primary approach for this course is the development of a group research project utilizing data that is either collected in the field for a specific purpose or the use of data that is already archived. prereq: [1403, [BIOL 1001 or BIOL 1009 or equiv]] or instr consent

GEOG 1403 - Biogeography of the Global Garden (BIOL, ENV)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 1403/Geog 1403H
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

The geography of biodiversity and productivity, from conspicuous species to those that cause human disease and economic hardship. The roles played by evolution and extinction, fluxes of energy, water, biochemicals, and dispersal. Experiments demonstrating interactions of managed and unmanaged biotic with the hydrologic cycle, energy budgets, nutrient cycles, the carbon budget, and soil processes.

GEOG 1403H - Honors: Biogeography of the Global Garden (BIOL, ENV)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 1403/Geog 1403H
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

The geography of biodiversity and productivity, from conspicuous species to those that cause human disease and economic hardship. The roles played by evolution and extinction, fluxes of energy, water, biochemicals, and dispersal. Experiments demonstrating interactions of managed and unmanaged biotic with the hydrologic cycle, energy budgets, nutrient cycles, the carbon budget, and soil processes. prereq: Honors

GEOG 1425 - Introduction to Weather and Climate (PHYS, ENV)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESPM 1425/Geog 1425
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

A pre-calculus introduction to the nature of the atmosphere and its behavior. Topics covered include atmospheric composition, structure, stability, and motion; precipitation processes, air masses, fronts, cyclones, and anticyclones; general weather patterns; meteorological instruments and observation; weather map analysis; and weather forecasting.

ESPM 1425 - Introduction to Weather and Climate (PHYS, ENV)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESPM 1425/Geog 1425
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

A pre-calculus introduction to the nature of the atmosphere and its behavior. Topics covered include atmospheric composition, structure, stability, and motion; precipitation processes, air masses, fronts, cyclones, and anticyclones; general weather patterns; meteorological instruments and observation; weather map analysis; and weather forecasting.

GEOG 3511 - Principles of Cartography

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3511/Geog 5511
Typically offered:	Every Fall

GEOG 3511/5511 is a basic introduction to cartography?the art, science, and technology of maps and map making. Our primary emphasis will be on map making, with lesser emphasis on cartographic research and the history of cartography. Lectures will focus on modern cartographic design principles, how they were developed, and how they might be changing. Lab assignments help develop skills using digital tools for producing effective maps. The course has several specific learning objectives: ? use software to create maps that communicate their subjects appropriately and effectively using sound cartographic design principles ? acquire or produce a base map that is appropriate in scale, projection, and generalization ? select and aggregate data appropriately to represent on a map using a suitable symbolization strategy ? gain an understanding of how current changes in technology impact maps and map making ? understand how fundamental design decisions might differ for printed maps and web/mobile maps ? understand how contemporary GIS and cartography are interrelated, including the use of GIS becoming ubiquitous and map making becoming increasingly available to anyone ? gain an appreciation for the 3,500+ year history of maps! prereq: 3 cr in geog or instr consent

GEOG 5563 - Advanced Geographic Information Science

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Advanced study of geographic information systems (GIS). Topics include spatial data models, topology, data encoding, data quality, database management, spatial analysis tools and visualization techniques. Hands-on experience using an advanced vector GIS package. prereq: B or better in 3561 or 5561 or instr consent

GEOG 3531 - Numerical Spatial Analysis

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3531/5531
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Summer

"Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things." The First Law of Geography proposed by Waldo Tobler implies the complex yet fascinating nature of the geospatial world. Spatial analysis in order to understand geographic numbers is becoming increasingly necessary to support knowledge discovery and decision-making. The objective of this course is to teach the fundamental theory and quantitative methods within the scope of geospatial analysis. The course starts with basic statistics, matrix, the background of spatial analysis, and exploratory spatial data analysis. Then, we will dive into the special nature of our spatial world, with fundamental geographic ideas and theories being introduced. The focus will be on numerical methods and models including descriptive statistics, pattern analysis, interpolation, and regression models. Finally, some advanced topics regarding spatial complexities and spatial networks will be introduced to arouse further interest in this realm. To sum, this is an introductory course that makes use of quantitative analytics such as linear algebra, statistics, and econometrics for spatial data analysis. By taking this course you will: -quantitatively understand critical concepts behind geospatial processes, such as scale, spatial weights, spatial autocorrelation, spatial dependence, spatial pattern. -learn key methods of analyzing spatial data: e.g., point pattern analysis, spatial autocorrelation statistics, spatial prediction, and spatial regression. -examine the lectured methods/models with data from geographic scenarios using Python and related programming packages. (Prereq: high-school algebra; Basic stats and linear algebra recommended)

GEOG 5531 - Numerical Spatial Analysis

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3531/5531
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Applied/theoretical aspects of geographical quantitative methods for spatial analysis. Emphasizes analysis of geographical data for spatial problem solving in human/physical areas.

GEOG 3541 - Principles of Geocomputing

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3541/Geog 5541
Typically offered:	Every Spring

The availability of computing infrastructures such as high-performance and cloud computing, high-speed networks, and rich data has led to a new scientific paradigm using computational approaches, termed computational science. Geocomputation is the "application of a computational science paradigm to study a wide range of problems in geographical and earth systems (the geo) contexts" (Openshaw, 2014). This course will introduce students to geocomputation as well as related areas including big spatial data, and cyberinfrastructure. Students will engage in hands-on exercises learning principles and best-practices in geocomputing. The ability to program is an essential skill for GIScientists. Learning to program takes time and a lot of practice, and in this course students will learn how to develop programs in the Python programming language to solve geospatial problems.

GEOG 5541 - Principles of Geocomputing

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3541/Geog 5541
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

The availability of computing infrastructures such as high-performance and cloud computing, high-speed networks, and rich data has led to a new scientific paradigm using computational science. Geocomputation is the "application of a computational science paradigm to study a wide range of problems in geographical and earth systems (the geo) contexts" (Openshaw, 2014). This course will introduce students to geocomputation as well as related areas including big spatial data, and cyberinfrastructure. Students will engage in hands-on-exercises learning principles and best-practices in geocomputing. The ability to program is an essential skill for GIScientists. Learning to program takes time and a lost of practice, and in this course students will learn how to develop programs in the Python programming language to solve geospatial problems.

GEOG 3561 - Principles of Geographic Information Science

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3561/ Geog 5561
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Introduction to study of geographic information systems (GIS) for geography and non-geography students. Topics include GIS application domains, data models and sources, analysis methods and output techniques. Lectures, readings and hands-on experience with GIS software. prereq: Jr or sr

GEOG 5561 - Principles of Geographic Information Science

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3561/ Geog 5561
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Introduction to the study of geographic information systems (GIS) for geography and non-geography students. Topics include GIS application domains, data models and sources, analysis methods and output techniques. Lectures, reading, and hands-on experience with GIS software. prereq: grad

GEOG 4001 - Modes of Geographic Inquiry

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Examination of competing approaches to the study of geography. Environmental determinism; regional tradition; scientific revolution; behavioral geography; modeling and quantitative geography; radical geography; interpretive and qualitative approaches; feminist and postmodern geography; ecological thinking and complexity; geographic ethics.

GEOG 4002W - Environmental Thought and Practice (WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Periodic Spring

Changing conceptions of nature, culture, and environment in Western social/political thought. How our understanding of humans/nonhumans has been transformed by scientific and technological practices. Interdisciplinary, reading intensive. prereq: Jr or sr

CHEM 1015 - Introductory Chemistry: Lecture (PHYS)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Chem 1011/Chem 1015
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Matter/energy, atoms, compounds, solutions, chemical reactions, mole/chemical calculations, gases, liquids, solids, chemical bonding, atomic/molecular structure, acids, bases, equilibria. Physical/chemical properties of hydrocarbons and organic compounds. Problem solving. prereq: [High school chemistry or equiv], two yrs high school math, not passed chem placement exam, high school physics recommended; Students who will go on to take CHEM 1061/1065 should take CHEM 1015 only. Students who will NOT be continuing on to CHEM 1061/1065 and need to fulfill the Physical Science/Lab core requirement need take the 1-credit lab course CHEM 1017 either concurrently or consecutively. This course will NOT fulfill the Physical Science/Lab core requirement unless the CHEM 1017 lab course is completed either concurrently or consecutively.

CHEM 1061 - Chemical Principles I (PHYS)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Chem 1061/ 1071/H/ 1081
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Atomic theory, periodic properties of elements. Thermochemistry, reaction stoichiometry. Behavior of gases, liquids, and solids. Molecular/ionic structure/bonding. Organic chemistry and polymers. energy sources, environmental issues related to energy use. Prereq-Grade of at least C- in [1011 or 1015] or [passing placement exam, concurrent registration is required (or allowed) in 1065]; intended for science or engineering majors; concurrent registration is required (or allowed) in 1065; registration for 1065 must precede registration for 1061

MATH 1151 - Precalculus II (MATH)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Math1151/Math1155
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Properties of trigonometric functions and their inverses, including graphs and identities, with applications; polar coordinates, equations, graphs; complex numbers, complex plane, DeMoivre's Theorem; conic sections; systems of linear equations and inequalities, with applications; arithmetic and geometric sequences and series. prereq: Satisfactory score on placement exam or grade of at least C- in [1031 or 1051]

MATH 1142 - Short Calculus (MATH)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

A streamlined one-semester tour of differential and integral calculus in one variable, and differential calculus in two variables. No trigonometry/does not have the same depth as MATH 1271-1272. Formulas and their interpretation and use in applications. prereq: Satisfactory score on placement test or grade of at least C- in [1031 or 1051]

MATH 1271 - Calculus I (MATH)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Math 1271/Math 1381/Math 1571/
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Differential calculus of functions of a single variable, including polynomial, rational, exponential, and trig functions. Applications, including optimization and related rates problems. Single variable integral calculus, using anti-derivatives and simple substitution. Applications may include area, volume, work problems. prereq: 4 yrs high school math including trig or satisfactory score on placement test or grade of at least C- in [1151 or 1155]

MATH 1371 - CSE Calculus I (MATH)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Math 1271/Math 1381/Math 1571/
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Differentiation of single-variable functions, basics of integration of single-variable functions. Applications: max-min, related rates, area, curve-sketching. Use of calculator, cooperative learning. prereq: CSE or pre-bioprod concurrent registration is required (or allowed) in biosys engn (PRE), background in [precalculus, geometry, visualization of functions/graphs], instr consent; familiarity with graphing calculators recommended

MATH 1571H - Honors Calculus I (MATH)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Math 1271/Math 1381/Math 1571/
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Differential/integral calculus of functions of a single variable. Emphasizes hard problem-solving rather than theory. prereq: Honors student and permission of University Honors Program

PHYS 1101W - Introductory College Physics I (PHYS, WI)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Phys 1101W/Phys 1107
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Fundamental principles of physics in the context of everyday world. Use of kinematics/dynamics principles and quantitative/qualitative problem solving techniques to understand natural phenomena. Lecture, recitation, lab. prereq: High school algebra, plane geometry, trigonometry; primarily for students interested in technical areas

PHYS 1107 - Introductory Physics Online I (PHYS)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Phys 1101W/Phys 1107
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Principles of physics in context of everyday world. Use of kinematics/dynamics principles together with quantitative/qualitative problem solving techniques to understand natural phenomena. prereq: High school algebra, plane geometry, trigonometry

PHYS 1221 - Introductory Physics for Life Science Majors I (PHYS)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Phys 1201W/1301W/1401V/1501V
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

The class exposes the student to physical principles and concepts, demonstrates how these principles can be applied to quantitatively describe natural phenomena, and provides the student with an opportunity to perform hands-on experiments and measurements that model how physical knowledge is obtained. The living world exists in the physical universe, and a complete understanding of biological processes is impossible without a firm foundation in the basic physical principles to which all systems, living and inorganic, must adhere. The basic principles of classical mechanics, fluid mechanics, and oscillations and waves will be examined, with particular emphasis to their application in biological systems, using mathematical analysis at the level of basic calculus. prereq: High School or College Calculus

PHYS 1301W - Introductory Physics for Science and Engineering I (PHYS, WI)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Phys 1201W/1301W/1401V/1501V
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Use of fundamental principles to solve quantitative problems. Motion, forces, conservation principles, structure of matter. Applications to mechanical systems. Prereq or Concurrent: MATH 1271/1371/1371H or equivalent

EPSY 3264 - Basic and Applied Statistics (MATH)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	EPsy 3264/EPsy 5261
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Introductory statistics. Emphasizes understanding/applying statistical concepts/procedures. Visual/quantitative methods for presenting/analyzing data, common descriptive indices for univariate/bivariate data. Inferential techniques.

ESPM 3012 - Statistical Methods for Environmental Scientists and Managers (MATH)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	AnSc 3011/ESPM 3012/Stat 3011/
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Introduction to statistical principles, foundations, and methods for examining data and drawing conclusions. Confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, analysis of variance, and regression modeling of relationships in environmental and natural resource science and management problems. prereq: Two yrs of high school math

STAT 3011 - Introduction to Statistical Analysis (MATH)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	AnSc 3011/ESPM 3012/Stat 3011/
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Standard statistical reasoning. Simple statistical methods. Social/physical sciences. Mathematical reasoning behind facts in daily news. Basic computing environment.

STAT 3021 - Introduction to Probability and Statistics

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	STAT 3021/STAT 3021H
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

This is an introductory course in statistics whose primary objectives are to teach students the theory of elementary probability theory and an introduction to the elements of statistical inference, including testing, estimation, and confidence statements. prereq: Math 1272

BIOL 3272 - Applied Biostatistics

Credits:	4.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Biol 3272Biol 3272H//Biol 5272
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Conceptual basis of statistical analysis. Statistical analysis of biological data. Data visualization, descriptive statistics, significance tests, experimental design, linear model, simple/multiple regression, general linear model. Lectures, computer lab. prereq: High school algebra; BIOL 2003 recommended

BIOL 3272H - Applied Biostatistics

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Biol 3272Biol 3272H//Biol 5272
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Conceptual basis of statistical analysis. Statistical analysis of biological data. Data visualization, descriptive statistics, significance tests, experimental design, linear model, simple/multiple regression, general linear model. Lectures, computer lab. prereq: High school algebra; BIOL 2003 recommended.

SOC 3811 - Social Statistics (MATH)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

This course will introduce majors and non-majors to basic statistical measures and procedures that are used to describe and analyze quantitative data in sociological research. The topics include (1) frequency and percentage distributions, (2) central tendency and dispersion, (3) probability theory and statistical inference, (4) models of bivariate analysis, and (5) basics of multivariate analysis. Lectures on these topics will be given in class, and lab exercises are designed to help students learn statistical skills and software needed to analyze quantitative data provided in the class. prereq: Undergraduates with strong math background are encouraged to register for 5811 in lieu of 3811 (Soc 5811 offered Fall terms only). Soc Majors/Minors must register A-F.

SOC 5811 - Social Statistics for Graduate Students

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

In this course, students will learn core statistical and computations principles that will allow them to perform quantitative analyses using social data. The course is designed for social science students at the beginning of their graduate school careers. However, advanced undergraduates can take the course, which will involve a few modifications to the assignment schedule. Sociology 5811 will review basic probability, and then move on to univariate inference, the linear regression model, and introductory lessons of causal inference. In doing so, students will explore statistical concepts and methods that provide the foundation sociologists use to most commonly collect and analyze numerical evidence. Sociology 5811 will also provide the foundation for data management and statistical inference using Stata, a statistical computing environment that is popular in the social sciences. prereq: Undergraduate students are expected to have familiarity with the materials taught in the equivalent of 3811. Students who are unsure of the course requirements should contact the instructor. Undergraduates with a strong math background are encouraged to register for 5811 in lieu of 3811. Soc majors must register A-F. 5811 is a good social statistics foundation course for MA students from other programs. 5811 will not count for credits towards the Soc PhD program requirements.

STAT 3022 - Data Analysis

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Practical survey of applied statistical inference/computing covering widely used statistical tools. Multiple regression, variance analysis, experiment design, nonparametric methods, model checking/selection, variable transformation, categorical data analysis, logistic regression. prereq: 3011 or 3021 or SOC 3811

STAT 4101 - Theory of Statistics I

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Random variables/distributions. Generating functions. Standard distribution families. Data summaries. Sampling distributions. Likelihood/sufficiency. prereq: Math 1272 or Math 1372 or Math 1572H

STAT 4102 - Theory of Statistics II

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Estimation. Significance tests. Distribution free methods. Power. Application to regression and to analysis of variance/count data. prereq: STAT 4101

STAT 5201 - Sampling Methodology in Finite Populations

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Simple random, systematic, stratified, unequal probability sampling. Ratio, model based estimation. Single stage, multistage, adaptive cluster sampling. Spatial sampling. prereq: 3022 or 3032 or 3301 or 4102 or 5021 or 5102 or instr consent

STAT 5302 - Applied Regression Analysis

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Simple, multiple, and polynomial regression. Estimation, testing, prediction. Use of graphics in regression. Stepwise and other numerical methods. Weighted least squares, nonlinear models, response surfaces. Experimental research/applications. prereq: 3032 or 3022 or 4102 or 5021 or 5102 or instr consent Please note this course generally does not count in the Statistical Practice BA or Statistical Science BS degrees. Please consult with a department advisor with questions.

STAT 5421 - Analysis of Categorical Data

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Varieties of categorical data, cross-classifications, contingency tables. Tests for independence. Combining 2x2 tables. Multidimensional tables/loglinear models. Maximum-likelihood estimation. Tests for goodness of fit. Logistic regression. Generalized linear/multinomial-response models. prereq: STAT 3022 or 3032 or 3301 or 5302 or 4051 or 8051 or 5102 or 4102

PHIL 1001 - Introduction to Logic (MATH)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Phil 1001/1001H/1021
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Sharpen your reasoning skills through a close examination of arguments. Learn formal methods for representing and assessing arguments, including how to represent informal arguments in formal languages, and how to evaluate whether the premises of an argument entail its conclusion.

CSCI 1103 - Introduction to Computer Programming in Java

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Fundamental programming concepts/software development using Java language. Problem solving skills. Algorithm development techniques. Use of abstractions/modularity. Data structures/abstract data types. Substantial programming projects. Weekly lab.

CSCI 1113 - Introduction to C/C++ Programming for Scientists and Engineers

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Programming for scientists/engineers. C/C++ programming constructs, object-oriented programming, software development, fundamental numerical techniques. Exercises/examples from various scientific fields. The online modality for CSci 1113 will only be offered during the summer session. prereq: Math 1271 or Math 1371 or Math 1571H or instr consent.

CSCI 1133 - Introduction to Computing and Programming Concepts

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	CSci 1133/CSci 1133H
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Fundamental programming concepts using Python language. Problem solving skills, recursion, object-oriented programming. Algorithm development techniques. Use of abstractions/modularity. Data structures/abstract data types. Develop programs to solve real-world problems. prereq: concurrent registration is required (or allowed) in MATH 1271 or concurrent registration is required (or allowed) in MATH 1371 or concurrent registration is required (or allowed) in MATH 1571H or instr consent

CSCI 1133H - Honors Introduction to Computing and Programming Concepts

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	CSci 1133/CSci 1133H
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Programming concepts using Python language. Real world problem solving, recursion, object-oriented programming. Algorithm development techniques. Abstractions/modularity. Optional honors topics: programming robots, programming paradigms, artificial intelligence. prereq: [concurrent registration is required (or allowed) in MATH 1271 or concurrent registration is required (or allowed) in MATH 1371 or concurrent registration is required (or allowed) in MATH 1571H], CSci majors, pre-majors in CSE/CLA, honors student

CSCI 1913 - Introduction to Algorithms, Data Structures, and Program Development

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Advanced object oriented programming to implement abstract data types(stacks, queues, linked lists, hash tables, binary trees) using Java language. Searching/sorting algorithms. Basic algorithmic analysis. Scripting languages using Python language. Substantial programming projects. Weekly lab. prereq: (EE major and EE 1301) or (CmpE major and EE 1301) or 1103 or 1113 or instr consent

CSCI 1933 - Introduction to Algorithms and Data Structures

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	CSci 1902/CSci 1933/CSci 1933H
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Advanced object oriented programming to implement abstract data types (stacks, queues, linked lists, hash tables, binary trees) using Java language. Inheritance. Searching/sorting algorithms. Basic algorithmic analysis. Use of software development tools. Weekly lab. prereq: 1133 or instr consent

CSCI 1933H - Honors Introduction to Algorithms and Data Structures

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	CSci 1902/CSci 1933/CSci 1933H
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Advanced object oriented programming to implement abstract data types (stacks, queues, linked lists, hash tables, binary trees) using Java language. Inheritance. Searching/sorting algorithms. Basic algorithmic analysis. Use of software development tools. Weekly lab. Optional honors topics: Advanced Java topics, GUI programming, CS research examples. prereq: [1133 or 1133H] and honors student, or inst consent

GEOG 3541 - Principles of Geocomputing

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3541/Geog 5541
Typically offered:	Every Spring

The availability of computing infrastructures such as high-performance and cloud computing, high-speed networks, and rich data has led to a new scientific paradigm using computational approaches, termed computational science. Geocomputation is the "application of a computational science paradigm to study a wide range of problems in geographical and earth systems (the geo) contexts" (Openshaw, 2014). This course will introduce students to geocomputation as well as related areas including big spatial data, and cyberinfrastructure. Students will engage in hands-on exercises learning principles and best-practices in geocomputing. The ability to program is an essential skill for GIScientists. Learning to program takes time and a lot of practice, and in this course students will learn how to develop programs in the Python programming language to solve geospatial problems.

GEOG 5541 - Principles of Geocomputing

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3541/Geog 5541
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

The availability of computing infrastructures such as high-performance and cloud computing, high-speed networks, and rich data has led to a new scientific paradigm using computational science. Geocomputation is the "application of a computational science paradigm to study a wide range of problems in geographical and earth systems (the geo) contexts" (Openshaw, 2014). This course will introduce students to geocomputation as well as related areas including big spatial data, and cyberinfrastructure. Students will engage in hands-on-exercises learning principles and best-practices in geocomputing. The ability to program is an essential skill for GIScientists. Learning to program takes time and a lost of practice, and in this course students will learn how to develop programs in the Python programming language to solve geospatial problems.

CSCI 5715 - From GPS, Google Maps, and Uber to Spatial Data Science

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Spring Even Year

Spatial databases and querying, spatial big data mining, spatial data-structures and algorithms, positioning, earth observation, cartography, and geo-visulization. Trends such as spatio-temporal, and geospatial cloud analytics, etc. prereq: Familiarity with Java, C++, or Python

ESPM 3031 - Applied Global Positioning Systems for Geographic Information Systems

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESPM 3031/ESPM 5031
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

GPS principles, operations, techniques to improve accuracy. Datum, projections, and coordinate systems. Differential correction, accuracy assessments discussed/applied in lab exercises. Code/carrier phase GPS used in exercises. GPS handheld units, PDA based ArcPad/GPS equipment. Transferring field data to/from desktop systems, integrating GPS data with GIS. prereq: Intro GIS course

ESPM 4295W - GIS in Environmental Science and Management (WI)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Prerequisites:	FNRM 3131 or Geog 3561 or #
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Application of geographic information science and technologies (GIS) in complex environmental problems. Students gain experience in spatial data collection, database development, and spatial analysis, including GNSS and field attribute collection, image interpretation, and existing data fusion, raster/vector data integration and analysis, information extraction from LiDAR data, DEM conditioning and hydrologic analysis, neighborhood analysis, bulk processing and automation, and scripting. Problems vary depending on topics, often with extra-University partners. prereq: FNRM 3131 or Geog 3561 or instr consent

FNRM 3262 - Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis of Natural Resources and Environment

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	FNRM 3262/FNRM 5262
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Introductory principles and techniques of remote sensing and geospatial analysis applied to mapping and monitoring land and water resources from local to global scales. Examples of applications include: Land cover mapping and change detection, forest and natural resource inventory, water quality monitoring, and global change analysis. The lab provides hands-on experience working with satellite, aircraft, and drone imagery, and image processing methods and software. Prior coursework in Geographic Information Systems and introductory Statistics is recommended. Prereq: None, but prior coursework in GIS and Statistics is recommended.

FNRM 3362 - Drones: Data, Analysis, and Operations

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	FNRM 3362/FNRM 5362
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Every Spring

This course explores principles and techniques of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS, also 'drones'), applied to natural resource and environmental issues. The course provides hands-on experience with UAS vehicles, sensors, imagery, and software. Course topics include: UAS flight characteristics, regulations/safety, mission planning, flight operations, data collection, image analysis, and applications. Examples of UAS applications to be explored include forest and natural resource inventory, wetland monitoring, and land cover mapping. Prereq: None, but prior coursework in GIS is recommended.

FNRM 3462 - Advanced Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis

Credits:	3.0 [max 6.0]
Course Equivalencies:	FNRM 3462/FNRM 5462
Typically offered:	Every Spring

This course builds on the introductory remote sensing class, FNRM 3262/5262. It provides a detailed treatment of advanced remote sensing and geospatial theory and methods including Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA), lidar processing and derivatives, advanced classification algorithms (including Random Forest, Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines), biophysics of remote sensing, measurements and sensors, data transforms, data fusion, multi-temporal analysis, and empirical modeling. In-class and independent lab activities will be used to apply the course topics to real-world problems. Prior coursework in Geographic Information Systems, remote sensing, and statistics is necessary. prereq: FNRM 3262/5262 or instr consent

GIS 5576 - Spatial Digital Humanities

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Introduction to Spatial Digital Humanities GIS 5576 is a basic overview of desktop GIS (both Esri and open source), as well as an introduction to a number of other mapping techniques (such as Esri Maps for Office, ArcGIS Online, web mapping basics, georeferencing historical maps, etc) in addition to digital scholarship techniques. Course objectives include: understanding the basics of mapping and geospatial information using GIS; documenting and managing spatial data using coherent/standardized methods; understanding several spatial analysis methods that are relevant to student research area; and applying spatial research methods into student research.

GEOG 5564 - Urban Geographic Information Science and Analysis

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Periodic Fall

Core concepts in urban geographic information science including sources for urban geographical and attribute data (including census data), urban data structures (focusing on the TIGER data structure), urban spatial analyses (including location-allocation models), geodemographic analysis, network analysis, and the display of urban data. prereq: 3561 or 5561

ESCI 2001 - Intro to Problems in Earth System Sci -with lab (PHYS, ENV)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESCI 2001/ESCI 2101
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

In this course, we study Earth as an integrated system of many interacting components. Examples of these components include the atmosphere, the ocean, continents, rivers and lakes, plants and animals, and humans. Changes within and among these components are shaping our planet and environment. Many grand challenges facing our society today, ranging from climate change to natural hazards, cannot be fully understood without a better understanding of these interactions. This course introduces some key concepts and principles of Earth System Science through a collection of recent scientific discoveries and outstanding problems in the field. The class touches on a wide range of fascinating topics related to the Earth?s deep interior, surface environments, life, and its 4.5 billion-year history, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of the subject. Meanwhile, all the topics are centered around introducing basic physical and chemical processes that regulate the operation of the Earth as a system. This course gives students an excellent opportunity to explore a broad spectrum of active research in the Earth and Environmental Sciences, state-of-the-art research techniques, and potential career options in this field. Students are expected to develop quantitative skills in addressing questions in Earth System Science through lectures, in-class discussions, and assignments.

ESCI 2101 - Intro to Problems in Earth System Science - lecutre only (ENV)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESCI 2001/ESCI 2101
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

In this course, we study Earth as an integrated system of many interacting components. Examples of these components include the atmosphere, the ocean, continents, rivers and lakes, plants and animals, and humans. Changes within and among these components are shaping our planet and environment. Many grand challenges facing our society today, ranging from climate change to natural hazards, cannot be fully understood without a better understanding of these interactions. This course introduces some key concepts and principles of Earth System Science through a collection of recent scientific discoveries and outstanding problems in the field. The class touches on a wide range of fascinating topics related to the Earth?s deep interior, surface environments, life, and its 4.5 billion-year history, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of the subject. Meanwhile, all the topics are centered around introducing basic physical and chemical processes that regulate the operation of the Earth as a system. This course gives students an excellent opportunity to explore a broad spectrum of active research in the Earth and Environmental Sciences, state-of-the-art research techniques, and potential career options in this field. Students are expected to develop quantitative skills in addressing questions in Earth System Science through lectures, in-class discussions, and assignments.

ESCI 2202 - Earth History

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Big Bang cosmology, plate tectonics, evolution. Formation of Earth. Chemical evolution of Earth, atmosphere, and ocean. Origin/tectonic evolution of continents. Origin of life, its patterns/processes. Long-term interactions between geosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. prereq: [2201, 2301] or instr consent

ESCI 2203 - Earth Surface Dynamics

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Earth's surface processes, drivers, and implications. Interactions between atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.

ESPM 3111 - Hydrology and Water Quality Field Methods

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESPM 3111/ESPM 5111
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Integrates water quality, surface/groundwater hydrology. Case studies, hands-on field data collection, calculations of hydrological/water quality parameters. Meteorological data, snow hydrology, stream gauging, well monitoring, automatic water samplers. Designing water quality sampling program. Geomorphology, interception, infiltration.

ESPM 3221 - Soil Conservation and Land-Use Management

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

This course is designed to provide a local and global historical perspective of soil erosion (causes and consequences); develop a scientific understanding of soil erosion processes; and relates various soil conservation and land-use management strategies to real-world situations. Basics of soil erosion processes and prediction methods will be the fundamental building blocks of this course. From this understanding, we will discuss policies and socioeconomic aspects of soil erosion. Lastly, we will focus on effective land-use management using natural resource assessment tools. Case studies and real-world and current events examples will be used throughout the course to relate course material to experiences. prereq: SOIL 2125 or instr consent

GEOG 3423 - Urban Climatology

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Most of us live in cities and thus in urban-modified climates. In this course you?ll learn how and why cities can affect their immediate ? and possibly regional and global ? environments. You?ll also get experience with urban climate research via a project we will develop together as a class. You?ll draw on public documents and research papers, collect and analyze data, and collaborate with your colleagues (and your instructor) to bring the project to completion. The research and problem-solving skills you develop or refine in this course are ones you can draw on in your other courses and in your post-graduate career.

SOIL 2125 - Basic Soil Science (PHYS, ENV)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Soil 2125/Soil 5125
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Basic physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. Soil genesis classification, principles of soil fertility. Use of soil survey information to make a land-use plan. WWW used for lab preparation information. prereq: [CHEM 1015, CHEM 1017] or CHEM 1021 or equiv

ESCI 1001 - Earth and Its Environments (PHYS, ENV)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESci 1001/ESci 1101/ESci 1005/
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Physical processes that shape the Earth: volcanoes, earthquakes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers. Current environmental issues/global change. Lecture/lab. Optional field experience.

ESCI 1101 - Introduction to Geology (lecture only) (ENV)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESci 1001/ESci 1101/ESci 1005/
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Physical processes that shape the Earth: volcanoes, earthquakes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers. Current environmental issues and global change. Lecture.

ESCI 1006 - Oceanography (PHYS, ENV)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESci 1006/ESci 1106
Typically offered:	Every Fall

How various processes in the ocean interact. Marine biology, waves, tides, chemical oceanography, marine geology, and human interaction with the sea. Labs include study of live marine invertebrates, manipulation of oceanographic data, and discussion using videos showing unique aspects of ocean research.

ESCI 1106 - Oceanography (ENV)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESci 1006/ESci 1106
Typically offered:	Every Fall

How various processes in the ocean interact. Marine biology, waves, tides, chemical oceanography, marine geology, human interaction with sea.

ESCI 3002 - Climate Change and Human History (ENV)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESci 3002/ESci 5102
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Spring Even Year

Causes of long-/short-term climate change. Frequency/magnitude of past climate changes; their geologic records. Relationship of past climate changes to development of agrarian societies and to shifts in power among kingdoms/city-states. Emphasizes last 10,000 years.

ESCI 5102 - Climate Change and Human History

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESci 3002/ESci 5102
Typically offered:	Spring Even Year

Causes of long-/short-term climate change. Frequency/magnitude of past climate changes, their geologic records. Relationship of past climate changes to development of agrarian societies and to shifts in power among kingdoms/city-states. Emphasizes last 10,000 years. prereq: 1001 or equiv or instr consent

ESCI 3402 - Science and Politics of Global Warming (ENV)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESci 3402/ESci 5402
Typically offered:	Spring Odd Year

Detection/attribution of global warming using concepts of radiation, climate system, and carbon cycle. Effects on society/biodiversity. National/global efforts/controversy over responses/consequences.

ESCI 5402 - Science and Politics of Global Warming

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESci 3402/ESci 5402
Typically offered:	Spring Odd Year

Detection/attribution of global warming using radiation, climate system, and carbon cycle. Effects on society/biodiversity. National/global efforts. Controversy over responses/consequences.

GEOG 1425 - Introduction to Weather and Climate (PHYS, ENV)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESPM 1425/Geog 1425
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

A pre-calculus introduction to the nature of the atmosphere and its behavior. Topics covered include atmospheric composition, structure, stability, and motion; precipitation processes, air masses, fronts, cyclones, and anticyclones; general weather patterns; meteorological instruments and observation; weather map analysis; and weather forecasting.

ESPM 1425 - Introduction to Weather and Climate (PHYS, ENV)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESPM 1425/Geog 1425
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

A pre-calculus introduction to the nature of the atmosphere and its behavior. Topics covered include atmospheric composition, structure, stability, and motion; precipitation processes, air masses, fronts, cyclones, and anticyclones; general weather patterns; meteorological instruments and observation; weather map analysis; and weather forecasting.

CFAN 3334 - Parasites and Pestilence (GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Periodic Fall & Spring

This course is designed to provide students with a basic understanding of protozoan and metazoan parasites, focusing on the biology and epidemiology of parasitic diseases and on the parasite-host association. Parasites are explored in the context of transmission, associated disease, diagnosis and treatment options; and environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic drivers of disease epidemiology. The intent of this course is for students to see science as a tool for understanding the world and solving problems. Importantly, the course is not designed to promote skills to become a practicing parasitologist but rather aims to facilitate broad exposure to infectious disease dynamics to foster more informed global citizens?using parasitic diseases as examples. A key tenet of liberal education is that it does not ignore the sciences, as such topics are explored in a way that intertwines science, history, and politics. Liberal education also teaches students how to speak their mind, how to write, and how to learn. As a result, this course will teach students how to use fundamental biological principles to think critically about challenges facing their society and the world.

EEB 3851W - Health and Biodiversity (ENV, WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	EEB 3851W/EEB 5851
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Basics of biodiversity, human/animal health, interdependence. Strategies for sustainable health. prereq: At least one year of college Biology or equivalent

EEB 4068 - Plant Physiological Ecology

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	EEB 4068/EEB 5068
Prerequisites:	BIOL 2022 or BIOL 3002 or BIOL 3407 or BIOL 3408W or #
Grading Basis:	OPT No Aud
Typically offered:	Spring Even Year

Plant function, its plasticity/diversity in an ecological context. Impact of environmental stresses on major physiological processes of plants, including photosynthesis, respiration, water uptake/transport, and nutrient uptake/assimilation. Lab, field trip to Cedar Creek.

EEB 4611 - Biogeochemical Processes

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	EEB 4611/EEB 5611
Typically offered:	Periodic Spring

Application of biochemistry, ecology, chemistry, and physics to environmental issues. Issues in biogeochemistry. Impact of humans on biogeochemical processes in soils, lakes, oceans, estuaries, forests, urban/managed ecosystems, and extreme environments (e.g., early Earth, deep sea vents, thermal springs). prereq: [BIOL 1009 or 2003] AND [CHEM 1081 or 1061 or 1071H] or instr consent

ESPM 3015 - Invasive Plants and Animals: Ecology and Management

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESPM 3015/ESPM 5015
Typically offered:	Fall Odd Year

Overview of invasive plants/animals in North America and around the world. A range of taxa are covered along with their impact and approaches to control. Readings, discussions, and lectures from experts on topics such as invasion theory and real world management.

ESPM 3108 - Ecology of Managed Systems (ENV)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESPM 3108/ESPM 5108
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Ecology of ecosystems that are primarily composed of managed plant communities, such as managed forests, field-crop agroecosystems, rangelands and nature reserves, parks, and urban open-spaces. Concepts of ecology and ecosystem management. prereq: BIOL 1001 or BIOL 1009 or HORT 1001 or instr consent

ESPM 3575 - Wetlands

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	ESPM 3575/ESPM 5575
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Freshwater wetland classification, wetland biota, current/historic status of wetlands, value of wetlands. National, regional, Minnesota wetlands conservation strategies, ecological principles used in wetland management.

FNRM 3203 - Forest Fire and Disturbance Ecology

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	FNRM 3203/FNRM 5203
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Ecology, history, management, control of fire, wind, insect infestation, deer browsing, other disturbances in forests, including disturbance regimes of boreal, northern hardwood, savannas of North America. Influence of disturbance on wildlife habitat, urban/wildland interfaces, forest management, stand/landscape dynamics. Tree mortality in fires, successional patterns created by fires, interactions of life history traits of plants with disturbances.

FNRM 3204 - Landscape Ecology and Management

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	FNRM 3204/FNRM 5204
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Introduction to landscape ecology at different scales in time/space. Development/implications of broad-scale patterns of ecological phenomena, role of disturbance in ecosystems, characteristic spatial/temporal scales of ecological events. Principles of landscape ecology as framework for landscape research, analysis, conservation, and management. prereq: Ecology course

GEOG 1403 - Biogeography of the Global Garden (BIOL, ENV)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 1403/Geog 1403H
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

The geography of biodiversity and productivity, from conspicuous species to those that cause human disease and economic hardship. The roles played by evolution and extinction, fluxes of energy, water, biochemicals, and dispersal. Experiments demonstrating interactions of managed and unmanaged biotic with the hydrologic cycle, energy budgets, nutrient cycles, the carbon budget, and soil processes.

GEOG 3421 - Climatology

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

This is a course on general climatology and the physical fundamentals of climate change that are most relevant to biophysical and socio-environmental processes. It is geared towards students in geography, environmental science, and the liberal arts and humanities who need a foundational understanding of climatology to grapple with social and biophysical dimensions of climate change. In a conceptual but not heavily quantitative framework, course activities (readings, discussion, lectures, computer labs), the course provides a broad-level overview of the physical processes that underlie Earth's climate system and lead to climate variations at global, regional, and local scales, as well as a survey of contemporary topics in climate change science. Course themes include: Earth's atmosphere and ocean; global energy and water balances; general and secondary circulation; controls on regional climate; climate data collection and interpretation; coupled modes of climate variability and related teleconnections; paleoclimatology; climate change; extreme events; climate modeling frameworks; observed and anticipated climate change impacts.

GEOG 3423 - Urban Climatology

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Most of us live in cities and thus in urban-modified climates. In this course you?ll learn how and why cities can affect their immediate ? and possibly regional and global ? environments. You?ll also get experience with urban climate research via a project we will develop together as a class. You?ll draw on public documents and research papers, collect and analyze data, and collaborate with your colleagues (and your instructor) to bring the project to completion. The research and problem-solving skills you develop or refine in this course are ones you can draw on in your other courses and in your post-graduate career.

PMB 2022 - General Botany

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Introduction to the biology of plants, algae, and fungi. Structure, growth, development, reproduction, diversity, and aspects of their ecology. Includes laboratory that focuses on structures in photosynthetic organisms and fungi as well as an introduction to physiology. prereq: One semester of college biology

BIOL 1001 - Introductory Biology: Evolutionary and Ecological Perspectives (BIOL)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Biol 1001/Biol 1001H/Biol 1003
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

A one-semester exploration of the genetic, evolutionary, and ecological processes that govern biological diversity from populations to ecosystems. We explore how these processes influence human evolution, health, population growth, and conservation. We also consider how the scientific method informs our understanding of biological processes. Lab. This course is oriented towards non-majors and does not fulfill prerequisites for allied health grad programs.

BIOL 1001H - Introductory Biology I: Evolutionary and Ecological Perspectives (BIOL)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Biol 1001/Biol 1001H/Biol 1003
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Every Fall

A one-semester exploration of the genetic, evolutionary, and ecological processes that govern biological diversity from populations to ecosystems. We explore how these processes influence human evolution, health, population growth, and conservation. We also consider how the scientific method informs our understanding of biological processes. Lab. This course is oriented towards non-majors and does not fulfill prerequisites for allied health grad programs.

BIOL 1009 - General Biology (BIOL)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Biol 1009/Biol 1009H
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

A comprehensive introduction to biology - includes molecular structure of living things, cell processes, energy utilization, genetic information and inheritance, mechanisms of evolution, biological diversity, and ecology. Includes lab. This comprehensive course serves as a prerequisite and requirement in many majors.

BIOL 1009H - Honors: General Biology (BIOL)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Biol 1009/Biol 1009H
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Every Spring

A comprehensive introduction to biology - includes molecular structure of living things, cell processes, energy utilization, genetic information and inheritance, mechanisms of evolution, biological diversity, and ecology. Includes lab. This comprehensive course serves as a prerequisite and requirement in many majors.

EEB 3407 - Ecology

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Biol 3407//Biol 3807/EEB 3407
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Summer

Principles of ecology from populations to ecosystems. Applications to human populations, disease, exotic organisms, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity and global dynamics of the earth.

EEB 3807 - Ecology

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Biol 3407//Biol 3807/EEB 3407
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Summer

Population growth/interactions. Ecosystem function applied to ecological issues. Regulation of human populations, dynamics/impacts of disease, invasions by exotic organisms, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity. Lab, field work. prereq: [One semester college biology], [MATH 1142 or MATH 1271 or MATH 1281 or equiv]

EEB 5407 - Ecology

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Principles of ecology from populations to ecosystems. Applications to human populations, disease, exotic organisms, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity, and global dynamics of the earth.

GEOG 3991 - Geography Capstone

Credits:	1.0 [max 1.0]
Grading Basis:	S-N only
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

The goals of this course are to help you reflect on your path through your Geography BA or BS major, assess the knowledge and skills you developed during your degree program, recognize how your knowledge and skills support your personal and professional interests and goals, and articulate the value of a geographic perspective for tackling complex social and environmental issues. The course is only open to students in their senior year.

GEOG 3371W - Cities, Citizens, and Communities (DSJ, WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Introduction to cities and suburbs as unique crossroads of cultural, social, and political processes. Competing/conflicting visions of city life, cultural diversity, and justice. Focuses on the American city.

GEOG 3374W - The City in Film (AH, WI)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3374W/3374V/5374W
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Cinematic portrayal of changes in 20th-century cities worldwide including social and cultural conflict, political and economic processes, changing gender relationships, rural versus urban areas, and population and development issues (especially as they affect women and children).

GEOG 3381W - Population in an Interacting World (SOCS, GP, WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3381W/GLOS 3701W
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Comparative analysis and explanation of trends in fertility, mortality, internal and international migration in different parts of the world; world population problems; population policies; theories of population growth; impact of population growth on food supply and the environment.

GEOG 3401W - Geography of Environmental Systems and Global Change (ENV, WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3401W/5401W
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Geographic patterns, dynamics, and interactions of atmospheric, hydrospheric, geomorphic, pedologic, and biologic systems as context for human population, development, and resource use patterns.

GEOG 3411W - Geography of Health and Health Care (WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Application of human ecology, spatial analysis, political economy, and other geographical approaches to analyze problems of health and health care. Topics include distribution and diffusion of disease; impact of environmental, demographic, and social change on health; distribution, accessibility, and utilization of health practitioners and facilities.

GEOG 4002W - Environmental Thought and Practice (WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Periodic Spring

Changing conceptions of nature, culture, and environment in Western social/political thought. How our understanding of humans/nonhumans has been transformed by scientific and technological practices. Interdisciplinary, reading intensive. prereq: Jr or sr

GEOG 3401W - Geography of Environmental Systems and Global Change (ENV, WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3401W/5401W
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Geographic patterns, dynamics, and interactions of atmospheric, hydrospheric, geomorphic, pedologic, and biologic systems as context for human population, development, and resource use patterns.

GEOG 3421 - Climatology

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

This is a course on general climatology and the physical fundamentals of climate change that are most relevant to biophysical and socio-environmental processes. It is geared towards students in geography, environmental science, and the liberal arts and humanities who need a foundational understanding of climatology to grapple with social and biophysical dimensions of climate change. In a conceptual but not heavily quantitative framework, course activities (readings, discussion, lectures, computer labs), the course provides a broad-level overview of the physical processes that underlie Earth's climate system and lead to climate variations at global, regional, and local scales, as well as a survey of contemporary topics in climate change science. Course themes include: Earth's atmosphere and ocean; global energy and water balances; general and secondary circulation; controls on regional climate; climate data collection and interpretation; coupled modes of climate variability and related teleconnections; paleoclimatology; climate change; extreme events; climate modeling frameworks; observed and anticipated climate change impacts.

GEOG 3423 - Urban Climatology

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Most of us live in cities and thus in urban-modified climates. In this course you?ll learn how and why cities can affect their immediate ? and possibly regional and global ? environments. You?ll also get experience with urban climate research via a project we will develop together as a class. You?ll draw on public documents and research papers, collect and analyze data, and collaborate with your colleagues (and your instructor) to bring the project to completion. The research and problem-solving skills you develop or refine in this course are ones you can draw on in your other courses and in your post-graduate career.

GEOG 3431 - Plant and Animal Geography

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3431/5431
Typically offered:	Periodic Fall & Spring

The landscape is shaped by complex interactions among plants, animals, and the physical environment. Where, when, and why different organisms live and interact where they do is influenced by myriad interacting forces. This course aims to provide an opportunity to investigate some specific patterns on the landscape by examining changes over time and space, and among communities comprised of multiple species assemblages. In this course, we will explore a variety of topics, depending on student interests and skills, that relate to biogeography and interactions among the landscape and people. We will examine the different factors that influence population change and examine species interactions, including concepts of keystone species, disturbance/landscape ecology, and species conservation approaches. Principally, we will complete readings and activities that touch on emerging issues in biogeography such as pathways to improving public land management, the incorporation of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) into ecological restoration plans, wilderness and federal lands policy, and the increasing challenge of invasive species.

GEOG 3839 - Introduction to Dendrochronology

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3839/Geog 5839
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Examination of past landscape histories are critical for assessing how environments change and identifying causal mechanisms. Tree-rings, the annual growth rings formed by trees growing in temperate regions, are an instrumental tool for elucidating changes over time. As biological entities, tree-rings are recorders of changes in their surroundings. The application of tree-rings to understand environmental change is called dendrochronology. Dendrochronology has played an important role in understanding past climates, disturbance regimes, and the history of Indigenous peoples (to name just a few applications). Its use has been critical to understanding pressing environmental issues such as 20th century global warming, the impacts of fire suppression on forested landscapes, the loss of the Black Forest in Europe (pollution), and the use/abandonment of archaeological sites (the Anasazi and Ojibwe). It is an exceedingly interesting analytical tool that has unique applications, but it isn?t as simple as counting the rings of trees to determine an age. In this course we will focus on the biology, theoretical principles, and operational techniques of dendrochronology and apply this knowledge toward understanding forest change. By the end of the course students will be able to conduct basic dendrochronological research and appreciate the advantages and limitations of this important tool. My aim is to expose you to the foundational science behind the field, provide you with some simple tools, and introduce you to the variety of applications to which tree-ring analysis can be applied by doing some dendrochronological research. We will apply the tools of dendrochronology toward understanding forest dynamics in a specific landscape to examine fire and tree growth patterns and the influence of climate and people on the forested environment. This course will be a mixture of lecture and hands-on data analysis. The primary approach for this course is the development of a group research project utilizing data that is either collected in the field for a specific purpose or the use of data that is already archived. prereq: [1403, [BIOL 1001 or BIOL 1009 or equiv]] or instr consent

URBS 3751 - Understanding the Urban Environment (ENV)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Examine links between cities and the environment with emphasis on air, soil, water, pollution, parks and green space, undesirable land uses, environmental justice, and the basic question of how to sustain urban development in an increasingly fragile global surrounding.

GEOG 3511 - Principles of Cartography

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3511/Geog 5511
Typically offered:	Every Fall

GEOG 3511/5511 is a basic introduction to cartography?the art, science, and technology of maps and map making. Our primary emphasis will be on map making, with lesser emphasis on cartographic research and the history of cartography. Lectures will focus on modern cartographic design principles, how they were developed, and how they might be changing. Lab assignments help develop skills using digital tools for producing effective maps. The course has several specific learning objectives: ? use software to create maps that communicate their subjects appropriately and effectively using sound cartographic design principles ? acquire or produce a base map that is appropriate in scale, projection, and generalization ? select and aggregate data appropriately to represent on a map using a suitable symbolization strategy ? gain an understanding of how current changes in technology impact maps and map making ? understand how fundamental design decisions might differ for printed maps and web/mobile maps ? understand how contemporary GIS and cartography are interrelated, including the use of GIS becoming ubiquitous and map making becoming increasingly available to anyone ? gain an appreciation for the 3,500+ year history of maps! prereq: 3 cr in geog or instr consent

GEOG 5563 - Advanced Geographic Information Science

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Advanced study of geographic information systems (GIS). Topics include spatial data models, topology, data encoding, data quality, database management, spatial analysis tools and visualization techniques. Hands-on experience using an advanced vector GIS package. prereq: B or better in 3561 or 5561 or instr consent

GEOG 5564 - Urban Geographic Information Science and Analysis

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Periodic Fall

Core concepts in urban geographic information science including sources for urban geographical and attribute data (including census data), urban data structures (focusing on the TIGER data structure), urban spatial analyses (including location-allocation models), geodemographic analysis, network analysis, and the display of urban data. prereq: 3561 or 5561

GIS 5555 - Basic Spatial Analysis

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

How to use spatial data to answer questions on a wide array of social, natural, and information science issues. Exploratory data analysis/visualization. Spatial autocorrelation analysis/regression. prereq: [STAT 3001 or equiv, MGIS student] or instr consent

GIS 5571 - ArcGIS I

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

First of a two-course series focusing on ArcGIS Desktop. Overview of ArcGIS system and its use for spatial data processing. Data capture, editing, geometric transformations, map projections, topology, Python scripting, and map production. prereq: [GEOG 5561 or equiv, status in MGIS program, familiarity with computer operating systems] or instr consent

GIS 5574 - Web GIS and Services

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Plan, design, develop, publish web-based GIS solution. Build websites, prepare data for web. Commercial software, Open Source software, volunteer geographic information, open GIS standards/developing web GIS application. Hands-on experience with variety of web GIS technologies/software. prereq: [GEOG 5561 or equiv, in MGIS program] or instr consent

GIS 5576 - Spatial Digital Humanities

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Introduction to Spatial Digital Humanities GIS 5576 is a basic overview of desktop GIS (both Esri and open source), as well as an introduction to a number of other mapping techniques (such as Esri Maps for Office, ArcGIS Online, web mapping basics, georeferencing historical maps, etc) in addition to digital scholarship techniques. Course objectives include: understanding the basics of mapping and geospatial information using GIS; documenting and managing spatial data using coherent/standardized methods; understanding several spatial analysis methods that are relevant to student research area; and applying spatial research methods into student research.

GIS 5578 - GIS Programming

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

This Python-focused GIS course is intended for students who have some Python programming experience, or have experience with other programming language(s) and knowledge transferable to Python. Following a review of Python basics, students will use Python modules for spatial data management, mapping, and analysis, including ArcGIS's ArcPy package; work with classes in Python; develop custom modules; and create development environments. A semester-long programming project applying Python skills to a GIS challenge is a significant component of the course. prereq: instr consent

GEOG 3531 - Numerical Spatial Analysis

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3531/5531
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Summer

"Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things." The First Law of Geography proposed by Waldo Tobler implies the complex yet fascinating nature of the geospatial world. Spatial analysis in order to understand geographic numbers is becoming increasingly necessary to support knowledge discovery and decision-making. The objective of this course is to teach the fundamental theory and quantitative methods within the scope of geospatial analysis. The course starts with basic statistics, matrix, the background of spatial analysis, and exploratory spatial data analysis. Then, we will dive into the special nature of our spatial world, with fundamental geographic ideas and theories being introduced. The focus will be on numerical methods and models including descriptive statistics, pattern analysis, interpolation, and regression models. Finally, some advanced topics regarding spatial complexities and spatial networks will be introduced to arouse further interest in this realm. To sum, this is an introductory course that makes use of quantitative analytics such as linear algebra, statistics, and econometrics for spatial data analysis. By taking this course you will: -quantitatively understand critical concepts behind geospatial processes, such as scale, spatial weights, spatial autocorrelation, spatial dependence, spatial pattern. -learn key methods of analyzing spatial data: e.g., point pattern analysis, spatial autocorrelation statistics, spatial prediction, and spatial regression. -examine the lectured methods/models with data from geographic scenarios using Python and related programming packages. (Prereq: high-school algebra; Basic stats and linear algebra recommended)

GEOG 5531 - Numerical Spatial Analysis

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3531/5531
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Applied/theoretical aspects of geographical quantitative methods for spatial analysis. Emphasizes analysis of geographical data for spatial problem solving in human/physical areas.

GEOG 3541 - Principles of Geocomputing

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3541/Geog 5541
Typically offered:	Every Spring

The availability of computing infrastructures such as high-performance and cloud computing, high-speed networks, and rich data has led to a new scientific paradigm using computational approaches, termed computational science. Geocomputation is the "application of a computational science paradigm to study a wide range of problems in geographical and earth systems (the geo) contexts" (Openshaw, 2014). This course will introduce students to geocomputation as well as related areas including big spatial data, and cyberinfrastructure. Students will engage in hands-on exercises learning principles and best-practices in geocomputing. The ability to program is an essential skill for GIScientists. Learning to program takes time and a lot of practice, and in this course students will learn how to develop programs in the Python programming language to solve geospatial problems.

GEOG 5541 - Principles of Geocomputing

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3541/Geog 5541
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

The availability of computing infrastructures such as high-performance and cloud computing, high-speed networks, and rich data has led to a new scientific paradigm using computational science. Geocomputation is the "application of a computational science paradigm to study a wide range of problems in geographical and earth systems (the geo) contexts" (Openshaw, 2014). This course will introduce students to geocomputation as well as related areas including big spatial data, and cyberinfrastructure. Students will engage in hands-on-exercises learning principles and best-practices in geocomputing. The ability to program is an essential skill for GIScientists. Learning to program takes time and a lost of practice, and in this course students will learn how to develop programs in the Python programming language to solve geospatial problems.

GEOG 3561 - Principles of Geographic Information Science

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3561/ Geog 5561
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Introduction to study of geographic information systems (GIS) for geography and non-geography students. Topics include GIS application domains, data models and sources, analysis methods and output techniques. Lectures, readings and hands-on experience with GIS software. prereq: Jr or sr

GEOG 5561 - Principles of Geographic Information Science

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3561/ Geog 5561
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Introduction to the study of geographic information systems (GIS) for geography and non-geography students. Topics include GIS application domains, data models and sources, analysis methods and output techniques. Lectures, reading, and hands-on experience with GIS software. prereq: grad

GEOG 3111 - Geography of Minnesota

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring & Summer

The evolution of Minnesota and its current geographical characteristics. The state is a unique political entity that possesses similarities with other states because of the homogenizing influence of the federal government.

GEOG 3121 - Geography of Latin America

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

This course will look at historical and contemporary Latin America to give students an idea about the varied political, economic, and cultural practices in the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. Readings will focus mostly on the experiences and struggles of Afro-Latin, indigenous, and working-class populations in Latin America, in order that we might learn about the region from otherwise marginalized viewpoints. Course assignments will ask students to critically reflect on the power relations that shaped and continue to shape the region. Course topics include colonialism, state formation, present-day territorial contestation, and the current political shifts that dominate the news headlines across the region. At the end of the semester students will have a solid understanding of the forces responsible for conditions in present-day Latin America.

GEOG 3161 - Europe: A Geographic Perspective (GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3161/GLoS 3921
Typically offered:	Fall Even Year

It is impossible to think about the contemporary world without the lasting impact Europe has had on it. But what are the deeper reasons for Europe to emerge as a dominant region from the late Middle Ages onwards? Why has Europe recently found itself in profound economic and political, even existential crisis? Historical geography provides answers. Divided by landscape, language, religion, and war, European empires imposed the state-form, capitalism, and their cultures on the rest of the world. European societies even became the supposed standard for how all humanity is meant to live. But there have always been cracks in this success story. The project of the European Union promised peace and prosperity for half a billion people but faces unprecedented challenges, from Brexit, the Ukraine war, and the return of state racism to climate change and covid. This course will guide you through Europe?s general historical characteristics to understand how it shaped globalization.

GEOG 3341 - Black Geographies

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Afro 3341/Geog 3341
Typically offered:	Every Fall

This course will engage the sub-discipline of Black Geographies by looking at Geographical literature on the question of Blackness as well as case studies on the ways in which Afro-descendant populations make place. Course readings and films will attend to Blackness as it manifests across the African Diaspora, with specific focus on the Americas. We will discuss the experiences and struggles of enslaved Africans in the Americas, struggles against slavery, the ways in which we can understand histories of Blackness, and different forms of struggle employed by Afro-descendant populations today. At the end of the semester students will have a solid grounding in the literature around Black Geographies, as well as a nuanced understanding of the different ways in which Black populations analyze and create space.

GEOG 3371W - Cities, Citizens, and Communities (DSJ, WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Introduction to cities and suburbs as unique crossroads of cultural, social, and political processes. Competing/conflicting visions of city life, cultural diversity, and justice. Focuses on the American city.

GEOG 3373 - Changing Form of the City (HIS, GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Urban origins, ancient cultures/cities, the medieval city, rediscovery of planning, colonial cities. Industrialization and urban expansion. Speculative cities, utopian cities, planning triumphs/disasters. Cities as reflections of society, culture, the past.

GEOG 3374W - The City in Film (AH, WI)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3374W/3374V/5374W
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Cinematic portrayal of changes in 20th-century cities worldwide including social and cultural conflict, political and economic processes, changing gender relationships, rural versus urban areas, and population and development issues (especially as they affect women and children).

GEOG 3376 - Political Ecology (ENV)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Environmental problems and political economic processes are intimately connected. The latter shape where and how people encounter nature, who has access to resources, and which communities are exposed to or protected from environmental harms. In this course, you will join others in examining how environmental problems are produced and how people organize to address them. Through readings, video, film, and lectures you will learn to identify the racial and class dimensions of environmental change. You will also understand the goals and principles of the environmental justice movement and explore inspiring struggles to build socially just ecological relations. Over the course of the semester you will acquire robust analytical and theoretical tools for understanding the political and ecological dimensions of racial capitalism and settler colonialism and learn how alternative social and ecological worlds might be generated and sustained.

GEOG 3377 - Music in the City (DSJ, AH)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Why is music so central to the life of the city? Throughout the ages, throughout the world, music seems to have a special power to fill urban space with meaning. This is mostly why the music industry is always desperately trying to chase the new ways music is produced and consumed. Much about the rapid changes in the industry can be linked to changes taking place in the geography of cities and globalization. Through music, people feel connected to landscapes, neighborhoods, buildings, and identities. Music gives value to places, so helps cement us/them divisions, a process easily seen (heard) in national anthems. This course tries to understand how the interplay exactly occurs between sounds, places, and differences through case studies from many genres. The course makes use of a large range of media and learning styles. Themes include the transnational circuits of reggae, the class backgrounds of punk, Motown and civil rights, psychedelic counterculture, underground electronic music, and the ambivalent identities of Minneapolis's very own Prince.

GEOG 3381W - Population in an Interacting World (SOCS, GP, WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3381W/GLOS 3701W
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Comparative analysis and explanation of trends in fertility, mortality, internal and international migration in different parts of the world; world population problems; population policies; theories of population growth; impact of population growth on food supply and the environment.

GEOG 3388 - Going Places: Geographies of Travel and Tourism (CIV)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Are you wondering whether you will be able to travel as you did a few years ago? One of the largest industries, tourism is in a profound crisis. This course understands tourism in relation to other kinds of mobility, like shopping, colonialism, trafficking, migration, and pilgrimage. As the negative environmental and health impacts of tourism have become obvious, significant demands have emerged on its practices and policies. Investigating the landscapes and economies of cars, planes, beaches, parks, malls, and museums, we come to appreciate the unique challenges tourism poses for global citizenship and the planet. To gain a critical geographical understanding of mobility we engage a range of ethical frameworks such as human rights, feminism, social justice, and utilitarianism. Our final destination is an informed and critical ethics of travel in the age of pandemics and climate change.

GEOG 3411W - Geography of Health and Health Care (WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Application of human ecology, spatial analysis, political economy, and other geographical approaches to analyze problems of health and health care. Topics include distribution and diffusion of disease; impact of environmental, demographic, and social change on health; distribution, accessibility, and utilization of health practitioners and facilities.

GEOG 3605 - Geographic Perspectives on Planning

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

?We shape our buildings. Thereafter, our buildings shape us.? Winston Churchill. Plans and planning have been at the center of a struggle over our cities. The discipline evolved around critical urban problems and challenges ? poverty, disease, art, democracy, mobility ? and has continued to change along with our understanding of justice, value, and social good. This course is going to dive into the history and present debates in urban planning, and will include two fieldwork activities that contrast planning and practice in Minneapolis. We will look at why the discipline of urban planning was created, how it has evolved, what tools planners use, how it works legally (e.g. zoning) and politically (e.g. public meetings). At the end of the semester, you will have a good grasp of the history of planning in cities, why most plans fail, and the central importance of planning to capitalism, democracy, and combating larger social problems.

GEOG 3900 - Topics in Geography

Credits:	3.0 [max 9.0]
Typically offered:	Periodic Fall & Spring

Special topics/regions covered by visiting professors in their research fields.

GEOG 3973 - Geography of the Twin Cities (SOCS)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 1973/3973
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

The University of Minnesota sits in the middle of a fascinating city, and in this class you will explore parts of that city in-depth. You will learn about the human geography of the Twin Cities, how they have developed in the past, and how they are changing. You will examine the settlement, economic change, social practices, and political events that have shaped the Twin Cities, learning how to look at this place through multiple and contesting perspectives. Through a combination of in-depth field work, applied research, readings, and discussion, you will learn about urban concepts like immigration, Native populations, poverty, homelessness, segregation, redlining, suburbanization, shifts in retail and jobs, zoning, transit, metropolitan governance, urban renewal, and more. The goal is to foster your critical reflection on important, contemporary challenges facing our metropolitan region, and develop a new way to look at your present home.

GEOG 4001 - Modes of Geographic Inquiry

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Examination of competing approaches to the study of geography. Environmental determinism; regional tradition; scientific revolution; behavioral geography; modeling and quantitative geography; radical geography; interpretive and qualitative approaches; feminist and postmodern geography; ecological thinking and complexity; geographic ethics.

GEOG 4002W - Environmental Thought and Practice (WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Periodic Spring

Changing conceptions of nature, culture, and environment in Western social/political thought. How our understanding of humans/nonhumans has been transformed by scientific and technological practices. Interdisciplinary, reading intensive. prereq: Jr or sr

URBS 3771 - Fundamentals of Transit

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Spring Odd Year

Importance of transit to an urban area. Issues surrounding development/operation of transit. Defining various modes of transit, evaluating why/where each may be used. Making capital improvements to transit system. Finance, travel demand forecasting, environmental assessment, scheduling, evaluation of effectiveness/accessibility.

URBS 3861 - Financing Cities

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Every Spring

The most critical question in government is how you are going to pay for something. There is a plethora of good ideas but only so much money. This class looks at how cities are funded. It looks at tax systems, fee systems, grants, special revenues, private development funding and other ways that we pay for cities. It provides practical knowledge on how city activities are funded.

URBS 3871 - A Suburban World

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Fall Odd Year

Suburbs as sites of urgent battles over resources, planning practices, land use, and economic development. How suburban life shapes values, political ideals, and worldviews of its populations.

GEOG 3145 - The Islamic World (SOCS, GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3145/GloS 3645/RelS 3711
Typically offered:	Every Fall

The Islamic World is an overarching course on the Muslim world that addresses the following intellectual concerns: 1. Islam and its contribution to the emergence of the modern world 2. Medieval Muslim civilization and their contribution to human culture 3. The relationship between Islam and gender roles in different Muslim cultures 4. The Muslim community?s struggle against colonialism and post-colonialism 5. Islam?s role in the struggle for Democracy and Development in the Muslim World 6. The relationships between Islam and the environment 7. The relationships between Islam and human rights 8. The relations between the West?s war on terror and the terror of War in the Muslim World

RELS 3711 - The Islamic World (SOCS, GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3145/GloS 3645/RelS 3711
Typically offered:	Every Fall

The Islamic World is an overarching course on the Muslim world that addresses the following intellectual concerns: 1. Islam and its contribution to the emergence of the modern world 2. Medieval Muslim civilization and their contribution to human culture 3. The relationship between Islam and gender roles in different Muslim cultures 4. The Muslim community?s struggle against colonialism and post-colonialism 5. Islam?s role in the struggle for Democracy and Development in the Muslim World 6. The relationships between Islam and the environment 7. The relationships between Islam and human rights 8. The relations between the West?s war on terror and the terror of War in the Muslim World

GEOG 3331 - Geography of the World Economy (SOCS, GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3331/GloS 3231
Typically offered:	Every Fall

An invisible, not-quite-dead, not-quite-alive entity?the coronavirus?forced us, rudely and tragically, to reckon with space. As we try and maintain social distance from other bodies, wear masks to disrupt the virus? pathways of diffusion, confront shortages in grocery stores, home supply outlets, and car dealerships, adjust to interruptions in many services, and either choose to, or are forced to stay at home, in our cities, in our countries, we are thinking and acting spatially. And we are reminded that ?stuff??food, medicines, toilet paper?reaches us often through geographically extensive and logistically intricate webs of economic production and distribution. We will learn what it means to think geographically about the capitalist economy as a spatial, relational formation. In doing so, we will challenge dominant ways of understanding and analyzing the economy, and of what counts as economic. We will also examine two simultaneous aspects of the world economy?fixity and flow. On the one hand, the economy propels and is propelled by flows?of goods, of services, of people, of labor, and of finance. On the other hand, physical infrastructures are rooted in place on the earth. After all, even the digital worlds of Facebook, Google, and Amazon are enabled by vast server farms. The course will also highlight the production and proliferation of inequalities?between social groups, states, countries, and regions?in and by the world economy. In fact, we will ask: Is economic unevenness a mere byproduct of capitalist economic growth, or the condition of possibility for it? Finally, we will discuss the relationships between global phenomena and local events. Crises like global climate change, overflows of waste matter, COVID19, and the 2008 financial meltdown make it clear that the global and the local are intimately entangled. Not only do global events impact individual livelihoods, including yours and mine, but economic jitters in one place can escalate, sending shockwaves across the world.

GLOS 3231 - Geography of the World Economy (SOCS, GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3331/GloS 3231
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Geographical distribution of resources affecting development. Location of agriculture, industry, services. Agglomeration of economic activities, urbanization, regional growth. International trade. Changing global development inequalities. Impact on nations, regions, cities.

GEOG 3379 - Environment and Development in the Third World (SOCS, ENV)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3379/GloS 3303
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Inequality in the form of extreme wealth and poverty in our world are major causes of environmental degradation. In addition, development failure as well as certain forms of economic growth always led to environment disasters. This course examines how our world?s economic and political systems and the livelihoods they engender have produced catastrophic local and global environmental conditions. Beyond this, the course explores alternative approaches of achieving sustainable environment and equitable development. prereq: Soph or jr or sr

GEOG 3511 - Principles of Cartography

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3511/Geog 5511
Typically offered:	Every Fall

GEOG 3511/5511 is a basic introduction to cartography?the art, science, and technology of maps and map making. Our primary emphasis will be on map making, with lesser emphasis on cartographic research and the history of cartography. Lectures will focus on modern cartographic design principles, how they were developed, and how they might be changing. Lab assignments help develop skills using digital tools for producing effective maps. The course has several specific learning objectives: ? use software to create maps that communicate their subjects appropriately and effectively using sound cartographic design principles ? acquire or produce a base map that is appropriate in scale, projection, and generalization ? select and aggregate data appropriately to represent on a map using a suitable symbolization strategy ? gain an understanding of how current changes in technology impact maps and map making ? understand how fundamental design decisions might differ for printed maps and web/mobile maps ? understand how contemporary GIS and cartography are interrelated, including the use of GIS becoming ubiquitous and map making becoming increasingly available to anyone ? gain an appreciation for the 3,500+ year history of maps! prereq: 3 cr in geog or instr consent

GEOG 5563 - Advanced Geographic Information Science

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Advanced study of geographic information systems (GIS). Topics include spatial data models, topology, data encoding, data quality, database management, spatial analysis tools and visualization techniques. Hands-on experience using an advanced vector GIS package. prereq: B or better in 3561 or 5561 or instr consent

GEOG 5564 - Urban Geographic Information Science and Analysis

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Periodic Fall

Core concepts in urban geographic information science including sources for urban geographical and attribute data (including census data), urban data structures (focusing on the TIGER data structure), urban spatial analyses (including location-allocation models), geodemographic analysis, network analysis, and the display of urban data. prereq: 3561 or 5561

GIS 5555 - Basic Spatial Analysis

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

How to use spatial data to answer questions on a wide array of social, natural, and information science issues. Exploratory data analysis/visualization. Spatial autocorrelation analysis/regression. prereq: [STAT 3001 or equiv, MGIS student] or instr consent

GIS 5571 - ArcGIS I

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

First of a two-course series focusing on ArcGIS Desktop. Overview of ArcGIS system and its use for spatial data processing. Data capture, editing, geometric transformations, map projections, topology, Python scripting, and map production. prereq: [GEOG 5561 or equiv, status in MGIS program, familiarity with computer operating systems] or instr consent

GIS 5572 - ArcGIS II

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Continues GIS 5571. Raster analysis, dynamic segmentation, geometric networks, geocoding, Python scripting, and data interoperability. Substantial projects include map and poster design and production. prereq: [5571, [GEOG 5561 or equiv], in MGIS program] or instr consent

GIS 5574 - Web GIS and Services

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Plan, design, develop, publish web-based GIS solution. Build websites, prepare data for web. Commercial software, Open Source software, volunteer geographic information, open GIS standards/developing web GIS application. Hands-on experience with variety of web GIS technologies/software. prereq: [GEOG 5561 or equiv, in MGIS program] or instr consent

GIS 5576 - Spatial Digital Humanities

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Introduction to Spatial Digital Humanities GIS 5576 is a basic overview of desktop GIS (both Esri and open source), as well as an introduction to a number of other mapping techniques (such as Esri Maps for Office, ArcGIS Online, web mapping basics, georeferencing historical maps, etc) in addition to digital scholarship techniques. Course objectives include: understanding the basics of mapping and geospatial information using GIS; documenting and managing spatial data using coherent/standardized methods; understanding several spatial analysis methods that are relevant to student research area; and applying spatial research methods into student research.

GIS 5578 - GIS Programming

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

This Python-focused GIS course is intended for students who have some Python programming experience, or have experience with other programming language(s) and knowledge transferable to Python. Following a review of Python basics, students will use Python modules for spatial data management, mapping, and analysis, including ArcGIS's ArcPy package; work with classes in Python; develop custom modules; and create development environments. A semester-long programming project applying Python skills to a GIS challenge is a significant component of the course. prereq: instr consent

GEOG 3531 - Numerical Spatial Analysis

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3531/5531
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Summer

"Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things." The First Law of Geography proposed by Waldo Tobler implies the complex yet fascinating nature of the geospatial world. Spatial analysis in order to understand geographic numbers is becoming increasingly necessary to support knowledge discovery and decision-making. The objective of this course is to teach the fundamental theory and quantitative methods within the scope of geospatial analysis. The course starts with basic statistics, matrix, the background of spatial analysis, and exploratory spatial data analysis. Then, we will dive into the special nature of our spatial world, with fundamental geographic ideas and theories being introduced. The focus will be on numerical methods and models including descriptive statistics, pattern analysis, interpolation, and regression models. Finally, some advanced topics regarding spatial complexities and spatial networks will be introduced to arouse further interest in this realm. To sum, this is an introductory course that makes use of quantitative analytics such as linear algebra, statistics, and econometrics for spatial data analysis. By taking this course you will: -quantitatively understand critical concepts behind geospatial processes, such as scale, spatial weights, spatial autocorrelation, spatial dependence, spatial pattern. -learn key methods of analyzing spatial data: e.g., point pattern analysis, spatial autocorrelation statistics, spatial prediction, and spatial regression. -examine the lectured methods/models with data from geographic scenarios using Python and related programming packages. (Prereq: high-school algebra; Basic stats and linear algebra recommended)

GEOG 5531 - Numerical Spatial Analysis

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3531/5531
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Applied/theoretical aspects of geographical quantitative methods for spatial analysis. Emphasizes analysis of geographical data for spatial problem solving in human/physical areas.

GEOG 3541 - Principles of Geocomputing

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3541/Geog 5541
Typically offered:	Every Spring

The availability of computing infrastructures such as high-performance and cloud computing, high-speed networks, and rich data has led to a new scientific paradigm using computational approaches, termed computational science. Geocomputation is the "application of a computational science paradigm to study a wide range of problems in geographical and earth systems (the geo) contexts" (Openshaw, 2014). This course will introduce students to geocomputation as well as related areas including big spatial data, and cyberinfrastructure. Students will engage in hands-on exercises learning principles and best-practices in geocomputing. The ability to program is an essential skill for GIScientists. Learning to program takes time and a lot of practice, and in this course students will learn how to develop programs in the Python programming language to solve geospatial problems.

GEOG 5541 - Principles of Geocomputing

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3541/Geog 5541
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

The availability of computing infrastructures such as high-performance and cloud computing, high-speed networks, and rich data has led to a new scientific paradigm using computational science. Geocomputation is the "application of a computational science paradigm to study a wide range of problems in geographical and earth systems (the geo) contexts" (Openshaw, 2014). This course will introduce students to geocomputation as well as related areas including big spatial data, and cyberinfrastructure. Students will engage in hands-on-exercises learning principles and best-practices in geocomputing. The ability to program is an essential skill for GIScientists. Learning to program takes time and a lost of practice, and in this course students will learn how to develop programs in the Python programming language to solve geospatial problems.

GEOG 3561 - Principles of Geographic Information Science

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3561/ Geog 5561
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Introduction to study of geographic information systems (GIS) for geography and non-geography students. Topics include GIS application domains, data models and sources, analysis methods and output techniques. Lectures, readings and hands-on experience with GIS software. prereq: Jr or sr

GEOG 5561 - Principles of Geographic Information Science

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3561/ Geog 5561
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Introduction to the study of geographic information systems (GIS) for geography and non-geography students. Topics include GIS application domains, data models and sources, analysis methods and output techniques. Lectures, reading, and hands-on experience with GIS software. prereq: grad

GEOG 3111 - Geography of Minnesota

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring & Summer

The evolution of Minnesota and its current geographical characteristics. The state is a unique political entity that possesses similarities with other states because of the homogenizing influence of the federal government.

GEOG 3121 - Geography of Latin America

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

This course will look at historical and contemporary Latin America to give students an idea about the varied political, economic, and cultural practices in the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. Readings will focus mostly on the experiences and struggles of Afro-Latin, indigenous, and working-class populations in Latin America, in order that we might learn about the region from otherwise marginalized viewpoints. Course assignments will ask students to critically reflect on the power relations that shaped and continue to shape the region. Course topics include colonialism, state formation, present-day territorial contestation, and the current political shifts that dominate the news headlines across the region. At the end of the semester students will have a solid understanding of the forces responsible for conditions in present-day Latin America.

GEOG 3161 - Europe: A Geographic Perspective (GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3161/GLoS 3921
Typically offered:	Fall Even Year

It is impossible to think about the contemporary world without the lasting impact Europe has had on it. But what are the deeper reasons for Europe to emerge as a dominant region from the late Middle Ages onwards? Why has Europe recently found itself in profound economic and political, even existential crisis? Historical geography provides answers. Divided by landscape, language, religion, and war, European empires imposed the state-form, capitalism, and their cultures on the rest of the world. European societies even became the supposed standard for how all humanity is meant to live. But there have always been cracks in this success story. The project of the European Union promised peace and prosperity for half a billion people but faces unprecedented challenges, from Brexit, the Ukraine war, and the return of state racism to climate change and covid. This course will guide you through Europe?s general historical characteristics to understand how it shaped globalization.

GEOG 3341 - Black Geographies

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Afro 3341/Geog 3341
Typically offered:	Every Fall

This course will engage the sub-discipline of Black Geographies by looking at Geographical literature on the question of Blackness as well as case studies on the ways in which Afro-descendant populations make place. Course readings and films will attend to Blackness as it manifests across the African Diaspora, with specific focus on the Americas. We will discuss the experiences and struggles of enslaved Africans in the Americas, struggles against slavery, the ways in which we can understand histories of Blackness, and different forms of struggle employed by Afro-descendant populations today. At the end of the semester students will have a solid grounding in the literature around Black Geographies, as well as a nuanced understanding of the different ways in which Black populations analyze and create space.

GEOG 3371W - Cities, Citizens, and Communities (DSJ, WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Introduction to cities and suburbs as unique crossroads of cultural, social, and political processes. Competing/conflicting visions of city life, cultural diversity, and justice. Focuses on the American city.

GEOG 3373 - Changing Form of the City (HIS, GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Urban origins, ancient cultures/cities, the medieval city, rediscovery of planning, colonial cities. Industrialization and urban expansion. Speculative cities, utopian cities, planning triumphs/disasters. Cities as reflections of society, culture, the past.

GEOG 3374W - The City in Film (AH, WI)

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3374W/3374V/5374W
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Cinematic portrayal of changes in 20th-century cities worldwide including social and cultural conflict, political and economic processes, changing gender relationships, rural versus urban areas, and population and development issues (especially as they affect women and children).

GEOG 3376 - Political Ecology (ENV)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Environmental problems and political economic processes are intimately connected. The latter shape where and how people encounter nature, who has access to resources, and which communities are exposed to or protected from environmental harms. In this course, you will join others in examining how environmental problems are produced and how people organize to address them. Through readings, video, film, and lectures you will learn to identify the racial and class dimensions of environmental change. You will also understand the goals and principles of the environmental justice movement and explore inspiring struggles to build socially just ecological relations. Over the course of the semester you will acquire robust analytical and theoretical tools for understanding the political and ecological dimensions of racial capitalism and settler colonialism and learn how alternative social and ecological worlds might be generated and sustained.

GEOG 3377 - Music in the City (DSJ, AH)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Why is music so central to the life of the city? Throughout the ages, throughout the world, music seems to have a special power to fill urban space with meaning. This is mostly why the music industry is always desperately trying to chase the new ways music is produced and consumed. Much about the rapid changes in the industry can be linked to changes taking place in the geography of cities and globalization. Through music, people feel connected to landscapes, neighborhoods, buildings, and identities. Music gives value to places, so helps cement us/them divisions, a process easily seen (heard) in national anthems. This course tries to understand how the interplay exactly occurs between sounds, places, and differences through case studies from many genres. The course makes use of a large range of media and learning styles. Themes include the transnational circuits of reggae, the class backgrounds of punk, Motown and civil rights, psychedelic counterculture, underground electronic music, and the ambivalent identities of Minneapolis's very own Prince.

GEOG 3381W - Population in an Interacting World (SOCS, GP, WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3381W/GLOS 3701W
Typically offered:	Every Fall, Spring & Summer

Comparative analysis and explanation of trends in fertility, mortality, internal and international migration in different parts of the world; world population problems; population policies; theories of population growth; impact of population growth on food supply and the environment.

GEOG 3388 - Going Places: Geographies of Travel and Tourism (CIV)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Are you wondering whether you will be able to travel as you did a few years ago? One of the largest industries, tourism is in a profound crisis. This course understands tourism in relation to other kinds of mobility, like shopping, colonialism, trafficking, migration, and pilgrimage. As the negative environmental and health impacts of tourism have become obvious, significant demands have emerged on its practices and policies. Investigating the landscapes and economies of cars, planes, beaches, parks, malls, and museums, we come to appreciate the unique challenges tourism poses for global citizenship and the planet. To gain a critical geographical understanding of mobility we engage a range of ethical frameworks such as human rights, feminism, social justice, and utilitarianism. Our final destination is an informed and critical ethics of travel in the age of pandemics and climate change.

GEOG 3401W - Geography of Environmental Systems and Global Change (ENV, WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3401W/5401W
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Geographic patterns, dynamics, and interactions of atmospheric, hydrospheric, geomorphic, pedologic, and biologic systems as context for human population, development, and resource use patterns.

GEOG 3411W - Geography of Health and Health Care (WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Application of human ecology, spatial analysis, political economy, and other geographical approaches to analyze problems of health and health care. Topics include distribution and diffusion of disease; impact of environmental, demographic, and social change on health; distribution, accessibility, and utilization of health practitioners and facilities.

GEOG 3421 - Climatology

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

This is a course on general climatology and the physical fundamentals of climate change that are most relevant to biophysical and socio-environmental processes. It is geared towards students in geography, environmental science, and the liberal arts and humanities who need a foundational understanding of climatology to grapple with social and biophysical dimensions of climate change. In a conceptual but not heavily quantitative framework, course activities (readings, discussion, lectures, computer labs), the course provides a broad-level overview of the physical processes that underlie Earth's climate system and lead to climate variations at global, regional, and local scales, as well as a survey of contemporary topics in climate change science. Course themes include: Earth's atmosphere and ocean; global energy and water balances; general and secondary circulation; controls on regional climate; climate data collection and interpretation; coupled modes of climate variability and related teleconnections; paleoclimatology; climate change; extreme events; climate modeling frameworks; observed and anticipated climate change impacts.

GEOG 3423 - Urban Climatology

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Most of us live in cities and thus in urban-modified climates. In this course you?ll learn how and why cities can affect their immediate ? and possibly regional and global ? environments. You?ll also get experience with urban climate research via a project we will develop together as a class. You?ll draw on public documents and research papers, collect and analyze data, and collaborate with your colleagues (and your instructor) to bring the project to completion. The research and problem-solving skills you develop or refine in this course are ones you can draw on in your other courses and in your post-graduate career.

GEOG 3431 - Plant and Animal Geography

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3431/5431
Typically offered:	Periodic Fall & Spring

The landscape is shaped by complex interactions among plants, animals, and the physical environment. Where, when, and why different organisms live and interact where they do is influenced by myriad interacting forces. This course aims to provide an opportunity to investigate some specific patterns on the landscape by examining changes over time and space, and among communities comprised of multiple species assemblages. In this course, we will explore a variety of topics, depending on student interests and skills, that relate to biogeography and interactions among the landscape and people. We will examine the different factors that influence population change and examine species interactions, including concepts of keystone species, disturbance/landscape ecology, and species conservation approaches. Principally, we will complete readings and activities that touch on emerging issues in biogeography such as pathways to improving public land management, the incorporation of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) into ecological restoration plans, wilderness and federal lands policy, and the increasing challenge of invasive species.

GEOG 3605 - Geographic Perspectives on Planning

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall

?We shape our buildings. Thereafter, our buildings shape us.? Winston Churchill. Plans and planning have been at the center of a struggle over our cities. The discipline evolved around critical urban problems and challenges ? poverty, disease, art, democracy, mobility ? and has continued to change along with our understanding of justice, value, and social good. This course is going to dive into the history and present debates in urban planning, and will include two fieldwork activities that contrast planning and practice in Minneapolis. We will look at why the discipline of urban planning was created, how it has evolved, what tools planners use, how it works legally (e.g. zoning) and politically (e.g. public meetings). At the end of the semester, you will have a good grasp of the history of planning in cities, why most plans fail, and the central importance of planning to capitalism, democracy, and combating larger social problems.

GEOG 3839 - Introduction to Dendrochronology

Credits:	4.0 [max 4.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3839/Geog 5839
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Examination of past landscape histories are critical for assessing how environments change and identifying causal mechanisms. Tree-rings, the annual growth rings formed by trees growing in temperate regions, are an instrumental tool for elucidating changes over time. As biological entities, tree-rings are recorders of changes in their surroundings. The application of tree-rings to understand environmental change is called dendrochronology. Dendrochronology has played an important role in understanding past climates, disturbance regimes, and the history of Indigenous peoples (to name just a few applications). Its use has been critical to understanding pressing environmental issues such as 20th century global warming, the impacts of fire suppression on forested landscapes, the loss of the Black Forest in Europe (pollution), and the use/abandonment of archaeological sites (the Anasazi and Ojibwe). It is an exceedingly interesting analytical tool that has unique applications, but it isn?t as simple as counting the rings of trees to determine an age. In this course we will focus on the biology, theoretical principles, and operational techniques of dendrochronology and apply this knowledge toward understanding forest change. By the end of the course students will be able to conduct basic dendrochronological research and appreciate the advantages and limitations of this important tool. My aim is to expose you to the foundational science behind the field, provide you with some simple tools, and introduce you to the variety of applications to which tree-ring analysis can be applied by doing some dendrochronological research. We will apply the tools of dendrochronology toward understanding forest dynamics in a specific landscape to examine fire and tree growth patterns and the influence of climate and people on the forested environment. This course will be a mixture of lecture and hands-on data analysis. The primary approach for this course is the development of a group research project utilizing data that is either collected in the field for a specific purpose or the use of data that is already archived. prereq: [1403, [BIOL 1001 or BIOL 1009 or equiv]] or instr consent

GEOG 3900 - Topics in Geography

Credits:	3.0 [max 9.0]
Typically offered:	Periodic Fall & Spring

Special topics/regions covered by visiting professors in their research fields.

GEOG 3973 - Geography of the Twin Cities (SOCS)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 1973/3973
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

The University of Minnesota sits in the middle of a fascinating city, and in this class you will explore parts of that city in-depth. You will learn about the human geography of the Twin Cities, how they have developed in the past, and how they are changing. You will examine the settlement, economic change, social practices, and political events that have shaped the Twin Cities, learning how to look at this place through multiple and contesting perspectives. Through a combination of in-depth field work, applied research, readings, and discussion, you will learn about urban concepts like immigration, Native populations, poverty, homelessness, segregation, redlining, suburbanization, shifts in retail and jobs, zoning, transit, metropolitan governance, urban renewal, and more. The goal is to foster your critical reflection on important, contemporary challenges facing our metropolitan region, and develop a new way to look at your present home.

GEOG 4001 - Modes of Geographic Inquiry

Credits:	3.0 [max 4.0]
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Examination of competing approaches to the study of geography. Environmental determinism; regional tradition; scientific revolution; behavioral geography; modeling and quantitative geography; radical geography; interpretive and qualitative approaches; feminist and postmodern geography; ecological thinking and complexity; geographic ethics.

GEOG 4002W - Environmental Thought and Practice (WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Periodic Spring

Changing conceptions of nature, culture, and environment in Western social/political thought. How our understanding of humans/nonhumans has been transformed by scientific and technological practices. Interdisciplinary, reading intensive. prereq: Jr or sr

URBS 3001W - Introduction to Urban Studies: The Complexity of Metropolitan Life (WI)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Urbs 1001W/Urbs 3001W
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Fall & Spring

Interdisciplinary course, ranging across spatial, historical, economic, political, and design perspectives, among many others.

URBS 3751 - Understanding the Urban Environment (ENV)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Examine links between cities and the environment with emphasis on air, soil, water, pollution, parks and green space, undesirable land uses, environmental justice, and the basic question of how to sustain urban development in an increasingly fragile global surrounding.

URBS 3771 - Fundamentals of Transit

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Spring Odd Year

Importance of transit to an urban area. Issues surrounding development/operation of transit. Defining various modes of transit, evaluating why/where each may be used. Making capital improvements to transit system. Finance, travel demand forecasting, environmental assessment, scheduling, evaluation of effectiveness/accessibility.

URBS 3861 - Financing Cities

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Grading Basis:	A-F only
Typically offered:	Every Spring

The most critical question in government is how you are going to pay for something. There is a plethora of good ideas but only so much money. This class looks at how cities are funded. It looks at tax systems, fee systems, grants, special revenues, private development funding and other ways that we pay for cities. It provides practical knowledge on how city activities are funded.

URBS 3871 - A Suburban World

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Typically offered:	Fall Odd Year

Suburbs as sites of urgent battles over resources, planning practices, land use, and economic development. How suburban life shapes values, political ideals, and worldviews of its populations.

GEOG 3145 - The Islamic World (SOCS, GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3145/GloS 3645/RelS 3711
Typically offered:	Every Fall

The Islamic World is an overarching course on the Muslim world that addresses the following intellectual concerns: 1. Islam and its contribution to the emergence of the modern world 2. Medieval Muslim civilization and their contribution to human culture 3. The relationship between Islam and gender roles in different Muslim cultures 4. The Muslim community?s struggle against colonialism and post-colonialism 5. Islam?s role in the struggle for Democracy and Development in the Muslim World 6. The relationships between Islam and the environment 7. The relationships between Islam and human rights 8. The relations between the West?s war on terror and the terror of War in the Muslim World

RELS 3711 - The Islamic World (SOCS, GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3145/GloS 3645/RelS 3711
Typically offered:	Every Fall

The Islamic World is an overarching course on the Muslim world that addresses the following intellectual concerns: 1. Islam and its contribution to the emergence of the modern world 2. Medieval Muslim civilization and their contribution to human culture 3. The relationship between Islam and gender roles in different Muslim cultures 4. The Muslim community?s struggle against colonialism and post-colonialism 5. Islam?s role in the struggle for Democracy and Development in the Muslim World 6. The relationships between Islam and the environment 7. The relationships between Islam and human rights 8. The relations between the West?s war on terror and the terror of War in the Muslim World

GEOG 3331 - Geography of the World Economy (SOCS, GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3331/GloS 3231
Typically offered:	Every Fall

An invisible, not-quite-dead, not-quite-alive entity?the coronavirus?forced us, rudely and tragically, to reckon with space. As we try and maintain social distance from other bodies, wear masks to disrupt the virus? pathways of diffusion, confront shortages in grocery stores, home supply outlets, and car dealerships, adjust to interruptions in many services, and either choose to, or are forced to stay at home, in our cities, in our countries, we are thinking and acting spatially. And we are reminded that ?stuff??food, medicines, toilet paper?reaches us often through geographically extensive and logistically intricate webs of economic production and distribution. We will learn what it means to think geographically about the capitalist economy as a spatial, relational formation. In doing so, we will challenge dominant ways of understanding and analyzing the economy, and of what counts as economic. We will also examine two simultaneous aspects of the world economy?fixity and flow. On the one hand, the economy propels and is propelled by flows?of goods, of services, of people, of labor, and of finance. On the other hand, physical infrastructures are rooted in place on the earth. After all, even the digital worlds of Facebook, Google, and Amazon are enabled by vast server farms. The course will also highlight the production and proliferation of inequalities?between social groups, states, countries, and regions?in and by the world economy. In fact, we will ask: Is economic unevenness a mere byproduct of capitalist economic growth, or the condition of possibility for it? Finally, we will discuss the relationships between global phenomena and local events. Crises like global climate change, overflows of waste matter, COVID19, and the 2008 financial meltdown make it clear that the global and the local are intimately entangled. Not only do global events impact individual livelihoods, including yours and mine, but economic jitters in one place can escalate, sending shockwaves across the world.

GLOS 3231 - Geography of the World Economy (SOCS, GP)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3331/GloS 3231
Typically offered:	Every Fall

Geographical distribution of resources affecting development. Location of agriculture, industry, services. Agglomeration of economic activities, urbanization, regional growth. International trade. Changing global development inequalities. Impact on nations, regions, cities.

GEOG 3379 - Environment and Development in the Third World (SOCS, ENV)

Credits:	3.0 [max 3.0]
Course Equivalencies:	Geog 3379/GloS 3303
Grading Basis:	A-F or Aud
Typically offered:	Every Spring

Inequality in the form of extreme wealth and poverty in our world are major causes of environmental degradation. In addition, development failure as well as certain forms of economic growth always led to environment disasters. This course examines how our world?s economic and political systems and the livelihoods they engender have produced catastrophic local and global environmental conditions. Beyond this, the course explores alternative approaches of achieving sustainable environment and equitable development. prereq: Soph or jr or sr

University Catalogs

Geography B.S.